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Issues:
1. Interpretation of Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. 2. Determination of whether rice bran qualifies as an essential commodity. 3. Analysis of the term "foodstuffs" under Section 2(a)(v) of the Act. 4. Consideration of rice bran as a foodstuff for human consumption. 5. Reference to previous court decisions regarding the classification of rice bran. Analysis: The judgment by the Supreme Court involved an appeal regarding the regulation of rice bran under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. The appellants, dealers in rice products, challenged the Haryana Rice Bran (Distribution and Price) Control Order, 1967, arguing that rice bran is not an essential commodity. The Court examined the provisions of the Act, particularly Section 3, which empowers the government to regulate essential commodities. The Act allows for delegation of powers to State Governments, as seen in the notification issued by the Central Government on July 24, 1967. The key issue revolved around whether rice bran qualifies as an essential commodity under the Act. The Court analyzed the definition of "essential commodity" under Section 2(a), focusing on sub-clauses (i) and (v). Sub-clause (i) includes "cattle fodder" within the definition, while sub-clause (v) encompasses "foodstuffs." The Court deliberated on whether rice bran could be classified as either cattle fodder or foodstuff to fall under the purview of essential commodities regulation. The Court determined that rice bran could be considered a foodstuff within the meaning of Section 2(a)(v) of the Act. It emphasized that foodstuffs encompass items consumed by various living beings, not limited to humans. The Court cited dictionary definitions of "food" to support its conclusion that rice bran, commonly used as feed for livestock, qualifies as a foodstuff. Therefore, the power conferred by Section 3 of the Act could be utilized to regulate the production, sale, or supply of rice bran. Additionally, the Court addressed arguments suggesting rice bran's potential for human consumption. While acknowledging claims regarding the edible uses of rice bran oil, the Court sought further evidence to support such assertions. The judgment highlighted the possibility of technological advancements enabling rice bran to become a common food item for human consumption in the future. Furthermore, the Court referenced a previous decision regarding the classification of rice bran as cattle fodder but emphasized its stance that rice bran, being a foodstuff, falls under the category of essential commodities. The judgment dismissed the appeal, concluding that rice bran qualifies as an essential commodity subject to regulation under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.
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