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Issues:
1. Interpretation of section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding payments made by a company to its holding company for services rendered through directors. 2. Applicability of Supreme Court decisions in CIT v. Indian Engineering and Commercial Corporation P. Ltd. and Bharat Beedi Works P. Ltd. to the present case. Analysis: 1. The case involved references made by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal regarding the applicability of section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 to payments made by the assessee-company to its holding company, Larsen and Toubro Ltd., for services rendered through directors. The Tribunal held that section 40(c) applied as the holding company had substantial interest in the assessee-company. The Tribunal's decision was based on the definition of "person" in section 2(31) of the Act, which includes a company, and "person who has a substantial interest in the company" in section 2(32). The Tribunal concluded that the holding company fell under this definition, justifying the disallowance of the claimed amounts by the Income-tax Officer and Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals). 2. The assessee's counsel raised an argument based on Supreme Court decisions, contending that the commission paid to the holding company should not fall under section 40(c) as it was calculated as a percentage of profits. However, the Revenue's counsel argued that this argument was new and not supported by factual findings. The court analyzed the facts, noting that the payments were for services of directors managing the assessee-company, falling within section 40(c). The court distinguished the Supreme Court decisions cited by the assessee, stating they were not applicable to the present case where payments were made for services rendered, not for valuable rights parted with. 3. The court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing that the payments to the holding company for director services fell within the purview of section 40(c) of the Act. The court differentiated the present case from the Supreme Court decisions cited by the assessee, as those cases involved different contexts of payments not directly related to services rendered by directors. The court answered the questions in favor of the Revenue, affirming the applicability of section 40(c) to the payments made by the assessee-company to its holding company for director services. 4. The court declined to address the additional controversy raised by the assessee's counsel, as it was deemed unnecessary given the clear and uncontroverted facts of the case. The references were disposed of with no order as to costs, concluding the judgment on the interpretation and application of section 40(c) to the payments in question.
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