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Issues:
1. Interpretation of section 187 of the Income-tax Act regarding the dissolution of a firm after the death of a partner. 2. Determination of whether the subsequent partnership formed after the death of a partner constitutes a continuation of the original firm or a new firm for the purpose of assessment. 3. Application of sections 187 and 188 of the Income-tax Act in cases of changes in the constitution of a firm and succession of one firm by another. Detailed Analysis: The judgment pertains to a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, regarding the dissolution of a firm following the death of a partner and the subsequent assessment implications. The primary issue revolves around the interpretation of section 187 of the Act concerning the change in the constitution of a firm. In this case, the firm in question had six partners, one of whom passed away, leading to the formation of a new partnership agreement among the remaining partners. The Income-tax Officer initially made a single assessment for the entire previous year, considering it as a change in the firm's constitution. However, the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) directed two separate assessments for the periods before and after the partner's death, leading to an appeal by the Revenue before the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. The Tribunal held that the firm was dissolved upon the partner's death, rejecting the notion that the subsequent partnership was a mere continuation of the original firm with a change in its constitution. This decision was based on the provisions of section 187, which deal with changes in the firm's constitution. The judgment also references the case law of Addl. CIT v. Vinayaka Cinema, emphasizing that the concept underlying section 187 requires the firm to continue as a single entity throughout the assessment year. The judgment highlights the amendment in section 187, specifically the insertion of a proviso to sub-section (2), which excludes cases where the firm is dissolved due to the death of a partner from constituting a change in the firm's constitution. Furthermore, the judgment discusses section 188 of the Income-tax Act, which outlines the assessment procedure in cases of one firm succeeding another. It clarifies that if section 187 is not applicable, separate assessments must be made on the predecessor and successor firms. Ultimately, the court answers the reference question in favor of the assessee, indicating that the subsequent partnership formed after the partner's death should be treated as a new firm for assessment purposes, leading to separate assessments for the relevant periods. In conclusion, the judgment provides a detailed analysis of the application of sections 187 and 188 of the Income-tax Act in scenarios involving changes in the constitution of a firm and the dissolution of a firm following the death of a partner. It underscores the importance of distinguishing between a continuation of the original firm and the formation of a new partnership for assessment purposes, ultimately guiding the assessment procedure in such cases.
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