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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the lottery winnings should be assessed as an 'association of persons' (AOP) or individually in the hands of the members. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Assessment of Lottery Winnings: The primary issue for consideration was whether the lottery winnings of Rs. 17,85,000 should be assessed in the hands of the members individually or as a single unit in the status of an 'association of persons' (AOP). The Tribunal had referred this question for the opinion of the High Court under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Facts of the Case: One individual, a daily wage earner, purchased a lottery ticket for Rs. 2 and agreed to share 25% of the prize with another individual in exchange for 50 paise for his next meal. This agreement was documented in writing. The ticket won a prize of Rs. 17,85,000. Both individuals offered their respective shares for tax purposes. Income-tax Officer's View: The Income-tax Officer assessed the entire winnings as a single assessment on an AOP. This decision was based on the view that the individuals had come together with a common purpose of producing income through the lottery ticket. Appellate Assistant Commissioner's View: On appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner found that the individuals came together through an accidental union without a conscious and stable relationship expected of an AOP. Thus, the assessment in the status of an AOP was set aside. Tribunal's Decision: The Tribunal dismissed the Department's appeal, stating that the mere agreement to share the prize money for a consideration did not constitute an AOP. The Tribunal emphasized that the scheme of the Act is to tax individuals and not to club the incomes of different persons except under specific conditions prescribed under section 64 of the Act. The Tribunal further noted that the two individuals had not combined for other purposes or at other times, nor did they have any other common relationship. Therefore, there was no basis for treating them as a common assessable entity. Department's Argument: The Department's senior standing counsel argued that the agreement between the individuals indicated an AOP for producing income. The counsel contended that even a single activity of joining into a common action for producing income was sufficient to form an AOP. The counsel also pointed out that winnings from the lottery are taxable as income. Assessee's Argument: The counsel for the assessee argued that there was no AOP as alleged by the Department. The holder of the ticket did not agree to share the right in the ticket but only to part with 25% of the prize money if the ticket won. Therefore, the second person had no right in the ticket, and there was no common intention to enter into a venture for producing income. High Court's Analysis: The High Court considered various precedents, including the Supreme Court's decisions in G. Murugesan and Brothers v. CIT and CIT v. Indira Balkrishna, which defined an AOP as an association where two or more persons join in a common purpose or action to produce income. The Court also reviewed decisions from other High Courts, such as CIT v. Smt. Saraswati Bai and CIT v. Har Parshad, which dealt with similar issues of assessing income from joint ventures or co-ownership. Conclusion: The High Court concluded that in the present case, there was no agreement between the individuals prior to the purchase of the lottery ticket to form an entity for producing income. The agreement was only for sharing the prize money if the ticket won. Therefore, there was no consensus ad idem (meeting of the minds) to purchase the ticket for producing income. The second individual had no right over the ticket, and the ingredients for forming an AOP were lacking. Consequently, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision that the lottery winnings should be assessed individually and not as an AOP. Final Judgment: The High Court answered the question in the affirmative and against the Department, confirming that the lottery winnings should be assessed individually in the hands of the members on their respective shares. There was no order as to costs, and the counsel fee was set at Rs. 1,000.
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