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Challenge to certain provisions of Communication of Pension Rules for civilian and defence pensioners - recovery of excess amount upon commutation, need for rationalizing commutation provisions. Analysis: The judgment pertains to applications under Article 32 of the Constitution challenging provisions of the Communication of Pension Rules for civilian and defence pensioners. The petitioners sought to strike down rules allowing the Union of India to recover more than the commuted amount from pensioners and requested a revised scheme for commutation. It was acknowledged that civilians could commute up to one-third of their pension, while defence personnel could commute up to 43-45%. The petitioners argued for a reevaluation due to increased life expectancy in India, which was not refuted by the respondent. The Court suggested a review of the rules, leading the respondent to consider the matter and eventually agree to restore the commuted portion of pension for civilian employees at age 70 or after 15 years, effective from April 1, 1986. The judgment highlighted the distinction in treatment between civilian and defence personnel regarding pension commutation. While civilian pensioners could restore the commuted portion after 15 years, defence personnel faced challenges due to early retirement ages and higher pension rates. The Court noted the advantages of commutation, such as lump sum availability and risk mitigation, and the precedent set by some State Governments adopting the 15-year rule. Despite the petitioners' arguments, the Court upheld the 15-year period for civilian pensioners, emphasizing the benefits of commutation. Regarding the restoration of commuted pension, the respondent agreed to extend the benefit to civilian employees from April 1, 1985, due to delays in the hearing process. However, the judgment pointed out that the respondent's decision did not cover all classes of Defence personnel, leading to a discussion on retirement ages and pension entitlements for lower ranks in the Defence services. The Court rejected the respondent's argument on weightage compensation and advocated for a uniform restoration period of 15 years for all pensioners, including Defence personnel, effective from April 1, 1985. In conclusion, the Court directed the respondent to implement the order within three months, appreciating the efforts to alleviate pensioners' hardships. The judgment underscored the equitable treatment of civilian and Defence pensioners in restoring commuted portions of pension, emphasizing the need to provide relief to those who served the nation.
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