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Issues:
1. Whether the loss claimed by the assessee on the purchase and sale of cotton bales is speculative and disallowable? 2. Whether the Tribunal's decision to disallow the loss as speculative is correct? Analysis: The case involved the assessment of a registered firm dealing in hardware, which claimed a loss of Rs. 19,685 on the purchase and sale of 400 bales of Desi cotton. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the claimed loss as bogus and speculative, as it was concluded that the transactions did not involve actual delivery of goods. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner accepted the assessee's contention that the loss was genuine and incurred in the regular course of business. However, the Tribunal overturned this decision, holding the loss to be speculative and disallowable against other income. The Tribunal's decision was challenged by the assessee, arguing that the loss was incurred in a ready business and not speculative. The counsel relied on an affidavit from the commission agents stating that all transactions were of ready delivery. However, the court found that the mere charging of insurance and other fees did not conclusively prove actual delivery of goods. The court referred to Section 43(5) of the Income Tax Act, which specifies that losses in speculative business cannot be set off against other income. The court analyzed the sequence of transactions involving the cotton bales and found that there was no actual delivery of goods, indicating a speculative nature. It was established that the circle of transactions was completed without any physical delivery of goods to the assessee. Therefore, the court upheld the Tribunal's decision to disallow the loss as speculative and not eligible for set-off against other income. In conclusion, the court answered the questions in favor of the Revenue and against the assessee, affirming the disallowance of the speculative loss. The judgment highlighted the importance of actual delivery in determining speculative transactions and clarified the limitations on setting off speculative losses against other income.
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