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Issues:
1. Disallowance of expenses on repairs to machinery 2. Disallowance of general charges for presents and gifts 3. Disallowance of expenses on customary presents to customers 4. Appealability of interest charged under sections 139(8) and 215 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 Analysis: 1. Disallowance of expenses on repairs to machinery: The petitioner sought reference on whether the Tribunal was justified in upholding the disallowance of certain expenses on repairs to machinery. The High Court held that these questions were pure questions of fact. The Tribunal found that the expenses were not related to the business of the company and thus rightly disallowed them. The Court emphasized that if expenses are not business-related, they cannot be allowed, and determining this relation is a factual matter, not a question of law. 2. Disallowance of general charges for presents and gifts: The petitioner questioned the disallowance of general charges for presents and gifts to customers and business associates, along with an ad hoc disallowance made by the ITO. The Court reiterated that these were factual issues. The Tribunal had found that these expenses were not linked to the business, leading to their disallowance. The Court affirmed that the business nexus of expenses is crucial for their allowance, making it a factual determination rather than a legal question. 3. Disallowance of expenses on customary presents to customers: Regarding the disallowance of expenses on customary presents to customers, the Court reiterated that this issue was also a question of fact. The Tribunal sustained the disallowance as it found these expenses were not justifiable in the context of the business. The Court emphasized that the business purpose of expenses is pivotal for their allowance, making it a factual inquiry rather than a legal issue. 4. Appealability of interest charged under sections 139(8) and 215: The Court addressed the appealability of interest charged under sections 139(8) and 215 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. It referred to a Supreme Court decision stating that when the liability to pay interest is not in dispute, an appeal against the levy based solely on the quantum is not maintainable. The petitioner argued that the Tribunal erred in holding that the liability to pay interest was not disputed. However, the Court noted that the petitioner did not challenge this finding before the Tribunal. The Court emphasized that the challenge to liability must be raised before the Tribunal for appeal. The Court dismissed the petition based on these reasons, following the precedent set by the Supreme Court. In conclusion, the High Court dismissed the petition, emphasizing that the issues raised were primarily factual in nature, such as the business nexus of expenses and the challenge to the liability of interest payment. The Court's decision was guided by established legal principles and precedents, highlighting the importance of factual determinations in tax matters.
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