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Appeal against acquittal under sections 276C and 277 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The judgment pertains to an appeal filed by the Income-tax Officer against the acquittal of the accused-firm and its partners under sections 276C and 277 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The prosecution was initiated for the assessment year 1981-82 based on the firm's tax returns. The firm filed multiple returns, with discrepancies in income figures, leading to proposed additions by the Income-tax Officer. The assessment was completed based on these returns, and all taxes were duly paid by the firm. The appeal against acquittal was based on the prosecution's failure to prove wilful tax evasion by the accused. The High Court emphasized the burden on the prosecution to establish wilful tax evasion under sections 276C and 277 of the Income-tax Act. The court noted the lack of evidence supporting the prosecution's case, with only the Income-tax Officer providing testimony. The defense presented an independent witness to explain the circumstances surrounding the revised tax return filed voluntarily by the accused-firm. The court highlighted the principles governing appeals against acquittals, emphasizing that a second view favoring the accused must be accepted unless the judgment is perverse or lacks evidence. The court considered the insertion of section 278E in the Income-tax Act post the prosecution, emphasizing the prosecution's duty to prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt. The judgment detailed the unfortunate circumstances surrounding the filing of tax returns by the accused-firm, including the death of key individuals involved in the business and the appointment of a new manager-cum-accountant. The court accepted the trial court's findings that there was no wilful tax evasion by the accused and commended their cooperation in admitting additional income for assessment purposes. The court further scrutinized the prosecution's reliance on the absence of certain documents, such as a confirmation letter and accounts of a lending firm, to establish tax evasion. It upheld the trial court's ruling on the lack of proper sanction for prosecution, emphasizing the need for the sanctioning authority to apply its mind adequately. Ultimately, the High Court found no merit in the appeal and dismissed it, affirming the acquittal of the accused-firm and its partners under sections 276C and 277 of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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