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Issues:
Dispute over bonus payment for the year 1953 - Whether bonus was payable as profit bonus, implied term of employment, or based on custom. Analysis: The case involved a dispute between a company and its workmen regarding bonus payment for the year 1953. The workmen claimed three months' bonus, citing past practices of one month's bonus payment annually. The company argued that bonus payments were ex gratia and not obligatory, especially in years of losses. The Industrial Tribunal analyzed the case from different angles, including profit bonus, implied term of employment, and custom-based bonus. The Tribunal concluded that no profit bonus was justifiable due to lack of surplus profit. It also considered whether puja bonus could be awarded based on implied employment terms or custom. The Appellate Tribunal later allowed the workmen's appeal, citing evidence of a customary puja bonus practice in Bengal. The legal history of puja bonus payments in Bengal was discussed, highlighting the customary nature of such bonuses to meet special puja expenses. Previous cases like The Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Mahalaxmi Cotton Mills established the tradition of employers granting puja bonuses. The judgment emphasized the distinction between puja bonus as an implied term of employment and as a traditional custom. The tests for determining customary puja bonus included an unbroken payment history, long-standing practice, payment in years of loss, and uniformity in payment rates. In the present case, the evidence supported the workmen's claim for customary puja bonus. The practice of bonus payment from 1940 to 1952, assurances by the company to continue payments, and the conversion of advance pay into bonus in 1952 indicated a traditional and customary bonus practice. The uniformity in payment rates, even in years of loss, further supported the workmen's argument. Despite the workmen's high demand for three months' bonus in 1953, the court found all conditions for a customary bonus were met. The appeal was dismissed, upholding the Appellate Tribunal's decision on the customary puja bonus issue. In conclusion, the judgment clarified the distinction between profit bonus, implied employment terms, and customary bonus payments. It affirmed the validity of customary puja bonus practices in Bengal and upheld the workmen's claim for one month's basic wages as traditional bonus. The court ordered the parties to bear their own costs, as the issue was newly raised in the Supreme Court.
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