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Issues:
1. Validity of adjustment claimed by the State Government in execution proceedings against the contractor's decretal amount. 2. Interpretation of contractual clauses regarding final settlement of accounts and adjustments. 3. Application of equitable set off doctrine in the case. Detailed Analysis: 1. The appeal before the Supreme Court involved a dispute between a contractor and the State Government of Andhra Pradesh regarding the adjustment of amounts in execution proceedings. The contractor had entered into agreements with the government for highway construction work and subsequently made claims for losses incurred during the project. The arbitration award favored the contractor, but the State Government sought to set off certain amounts against the contractor's decretal amount. The High Court allowed adjustment based on specific contractual clauses but rejected other claims for adjustment. 2. The High Court justified the State Government's right to adjust amounts based on contractual clauses, specifically Clause 68 of the agreement, which allowed for final settlement of accounts after completion of the work. The Court held that any provisional payments made to the contractor were subject to adjustment against amounts found due upon final settlement. Therefore, the adjustment claimed by the State Government related to the ongoing execution of the contract and was deemed valid by the High Court. 3. However, the Supreme Court disagreed with the High Court's decision regarding a separate claim for adjustment under a different contract. The Court found that this claim did not meet the criteria for an equitable set off as the demands did not arise from the same transaction and were not readily ascertainable. The Court also noted that the contractual provision invoked by the State Government did not apply in this scenario as the amount to be adjusted was still a disputed liability. Consequently, the Supreme Court allowed the appeal in part, upholding the adjustment based on the final bill but setting aside the adjustment claim under the other contract. 4. The Supreme Court clarified that while courts have the power to allow set offs beyond the scope of Order 21 Rule 18 of the Civil Procedure Code, such allowances must be justified by the specific circumstances of the case. In this instance, the Court found that the adjustment claimed by the State Government under one contract was valid due to the contractual provisions regarding final settlement of accounts. However, the claim for adjustment under a separate contract did not meet the requirements for an equitable set off and was therefore rejected by the Court. Ultimately, the parties were directed to bear their own costs, and the judgment of the High Court was modified accordingly.
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