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Issues Involved:
1. Validity of the arbitration agreement under Clause 30. 2. Jurisdiction and authority of the Superintending Engineer as an arbitrator. 3. Compliance with principles of natural justice during arbitration. 4. The binding nature of the arbitration award. 5. Procedural objections raised by the respondent in execution proceedings. Detailed Analysis: 1. Validity of the Arbitration Agreement under Clause 30: The core issue revolves around whether Clause 30 of the contract constitutes a valid arbitration agreement. The appellant argued that Clause 30 fulfills all the criteria for an arbitration agreement as laid down in the case of Bihar State Mineral Development Corporation v. Encon Builders (I) (P) Ltd. The clause stipulates that the decision of the Superintending Engineer, Gulbarga Circle, Gulbarga, would be final and binding on all disputes arising from the contract. The Court emphasized that Clause 30 indeed meets the essential elements of an arbitration agreement, which include: - Present or future differences in connection with some contemplated affair. - The intention of the parties to settle such differences by a private tribunal. - Written agreement to be bound by the decision of such tribunal. - Mutual agreement (ad idem) of the parties. 2. Jurisdiction and Authority of the Superintending Engineer as an Arbitrator: The respondent contended that the Superintending Engineer did not have the authority to act as an arbitrator as per the contract. However, the Court found that the Superintending Engineer was an independent person and not an officer of the University. His role was confined to arbitration and not to supervision of the construction works. The Court concluded that Clause 30 explicitly provided for the resolution of disputes by the Superintending Engineer, thereby constituting a valid arbitration agreement. 3. Compliance with Principles of Natural Justice during Arbitration: The respondent argued that they were not given sufficient opportunity to present their case. The Court noted that both parties were represented and had filed claims, counterclaims, and supporting documents. The Arbitrator recorded that the parties were given full opportunity to present their case and chose not to adduce oral evidence. The Court held that the principles of natural justice were implicitly followed in the arbitration process, and the Award could not be invalidated on this ground. 4. The Binding Nature of the Arbitration Award: The Court emphasized that once an arbitration agreement is established, the decisions made by the arbitrator are final, conclusive, and binding on the parties. The Court found that the Arbitrator's decision was rendered after allowing both parties to present their cases, thus adhering to the principles of natural justice. The Award was deemed final and binding, and the respondent's objections were dismissed. 5. Procedural Objections Raised by the Respondent in Execution Proceedings: The respondent raised objections under Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure during the execution of the Award, arguing that the arbitration agreement was invalid. The Court noted that the respondent had participated in the arbitration proceedings without raising such objections initially and had even filed counterclaims. The Court ruled that the respondent should have filed an application under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, if they believed the Award was beyond the Arbitrator's jurisdiction. The Court set aside the High Court's judgment and directed the executing Court to proceed with the execution of the Award. Conclusion: The Supreme Court concluded that Clause 30 of the contract constituted a valid arbitration agreement, the Superintending Engineer had the jurisdiction to act as an arbitrator, and the arbitration process complied with the principles of natural justice. The objections raised by the respondent were dismissed, and the execution of the Award was directed to proceed. The appeal was allowed, and the order under challenge was set aside.
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