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Issues:
1. Deductibility of advance written off by the applicant on account of debit balances in suppliers' accounts. 2. Deductibility of adjustment relating to earlier years on account of purchases made by the applicant. 3. Justification of the Tribunal's finding regarding adjustment of amounts in the year purchases were made. 4. Consideration of legal position on final adjustments relating to purchases made during the closure of Paharpur Works. Analysis: Issue 1: The Tribunal questioned the deductibility of Rs. 14,53,340 written off by the applicant due to debit balances in suppliers' accounts. The assessee claimed the amount was part of adjustments in accounts of sundry suppliers due to the closure of Paharpur Works. The Tribunal upheld the disallowance, emphasizing that under the mercantile system, advances against purchases could only be adjusted in the year of purchase. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner also confirmed this disallowance, stating that no evidence proved the assessee's inability to adjust the amount in the appropriate year. The Tribunal's decision was based on the understanding that the unpaid prices could only be adjusted in the year of purchase, leading to a denial of the deduction. Issue 2: Regarding the deduction of Rs. 9,73,384 for adjustments related to earlier years, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner upheld the Income-tax Officer's disallowance. The Tribunal concurred, stating that the unpaid prices of purchases made in earlier years could only be adjusted in the respective purchase years. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner highlighted that the assessee failed to provide evidence of being prevented from making necessary adjustments in the appropriate years, leading to the disallowance of the claimed amount in the assessment year under appeal. Issue 3: The Tribunal's finding that adjustments for purchases could only be made in the year of purchase due to following the mercantile system of accounting was justified. The Tribunal emphasized that the assessee's inability to adjust the amounts in the relevant years led to the disallowance of deductions. The Tribunal's decision was based on the principle that under the mercantile system, adjustments must align with the year of purchase, thereby rejecting the assessee's claim for deductions in the assessment year under review. Issue 4: The Tribunal's decision was challenged based on practical difficulties faced by the assessee during the closure of Paharpur Works. The contention that the company could not maintain regular accounts due to the lockout was not accepted. The Tribunal found no error in its decision, emphasizing that the lockout lasted only four months and did not justify the delay in making adjustments. The Tribunal's rejection of the practical difficulty argument was upheld, leading to the affirmation of the disallowance of deductions for the amounts in question. In conclusion, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, answering all questions in favor of the Revenue and denying the deductions claimed by the assessee.
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