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Issues:
1. Rectification of assessment orders under section 154 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for assessment years 1967-68 and 1968-69. 2. Levy of surcharge on unearned income based on total income calculations. 3. Treatment of dividend income as earned income for the purpose of surcharge. Detailed Analysis: Issue 1: The Income-tax Officer sought to rectify the assessment orders for the assessment years 1967-68 and 1968-69 under section 154 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, due to a perceived mistake in computing surcharge on unearned income. The assessee contested this action, arguing that the total income was correctly computed after allowing deductions and losses, thus justifying the surcharge levied based on the total income as initially assessed. Issue 2: The dispute centered around the interpretation of the provisions for levying surcharge on unearned income. The Tribunal held that the unearned income component included in the total income for the purpose of surcharge calculation cannot exceed the total income on which income-tax is levied. The Tribunal reasoned that allowing surcharge on unearned income exceeding the total income would lead to illogical outcomes and could not be supported by a correct interpretation of the law. Issue 3: The question of whether dividend income should be treated as earned income for surcharge purposes was also raised. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal both rejected the assessee's contention that dividend income should be considered earned income, maintaining that it was correctly treated as unearned income for surcharge calculations based on the specific provisions of the Finance Act. In conclusion, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing that the matter raised by the Revenue was debatable and not a clear mistake apparent on the face of the record. Therefore, the court ruled against the Revenue, affirming that the surcharge should be based on the correct interpretation of the law and the total income calculations.
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