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Whether interest payable under the Voluntary Disclosure of Income and Wealth Act is deductible under section 37 or 36(1)(iii) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the deduction of interest paid on additional tax liability disclosed under the Voluntary Disclosure of Income and Wealth Act. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal referred the question of law to the High Court, questioning the admissibility of the deduction claimed by the assessee for the assessment years 1977-78 and 1978-79. The assessee contended that the interest payment was made to protect and preserve business assets, allowing them to earn income on the unpaid tax amount. However, the court noted that the payment of interest was not related to the business activity and was a statutory obligation under the Voluntary Disclosure Act. The court analyzed the claim for deduction under section 37 of the Income-tax Act, emphasizing that expenses must be incurred wholly and exclusively for the purpose of business to be deductible. It referred to various judicial opinions, including the decision in Bharat Commerce Industries Ltd. v. CIT, which held that interest for delayed tax payment is not allowable as a deduction. The court highlighted that allowing such deductions would provide unfair advantages to non-compliant taxpayers over those who fulfill their tax obligations promptly. The judgment also addressed the contention that interest payment should be deductible based on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. Birla Cotton Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd. The court distinguished this case, emphasizing that the interest paid in the present case was for delayed tax payment, unlike the expenses incurred to reduce tax liability in the Birla Cotton case. Additionally, the court dismissed the applicability of section 80V for deduction, as it specifically applied to interest paid on borrowed money for tax due under the Income-tax Act, which was not the case here. Ultimately, the court ruled in favor of the Revenue, denying the deduction claimed by the assessee for interest paid on additional tax liability. The judgment underscored that such interest payments, not directly related to business activities but arising from delayed tax payments, are not eligible for deduction under the Income-tax Act.
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