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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the expenditure of Rs. 20,00,598 incurred for constructing a road by the assessee can be allowed as revenue expenditure or should be treated as capital expenditure. Detailed Analysis: 1. Nature of Expenditure: The primary issue revolves around whether the expenditure of Rs. 20,00,598 incurred by the assessee for constructing a road should be classified as revenue expenditure or capital expenditure. The assessee argued that the expenditure was for the efficient running of its business and should be treated as revenue expenditure. The Income-tax Officer, however, treated it as capital expenditure, noting that the road provided an enduring benefit to the assessee. 2. Tribunal's Findings: The Tribunal found that the road constructed was a new feeder road, not merely an improvement of an existing road. The road was built on leasehold land acquired by the assessee for 30 years, and the assessee was responsible for its maintenance. The Tribunal concluded that the expenditure was of a capital nature because it created a tangible asset with enduring benefits. 3. Legal Principles and Case References: The judgment references several legal principles and cases to determine the nature of the expenditure: - British Insulated and Helsby Cables Ltd. v. Atherton: Expenditure incurred for the purpose of business can still be of a capital nature if it brings into existence an asset or advantage of enduring benefit. - Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961: Recognizes that expenditure for the purpose of business may be in the nature of capital expenditure. - Commissioner of Taxes v. Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd.: Expenditure for creating or enlarging the permanent structure of which income is to be the fruit is of capital nature. - Strick v. Regent Oil Co. Ltd.: Payments for acquiring an interest in land are of a capital nature. - Pitt v. Castle Hill Warehousing Co. Ltd.: Expenditure on constructing a new road was held to be capital expenditure as it created an asset with enduring qualities. 4. Judicial Common Sense: The judgment emphasizes the application of "judicial common sense" in determining the nature of the expenditure. It notes that if a tangible asset with enduring benefits is created, the expenditure should be treated as capital expenditure. 5. Supreme Court Decisions: The judgment also considers recent Supreme Court decisions: - Lakshmiji Sugar Mills Co. (P.) Ltd. v. CIT: Expenditure for road development was treated as revenue expenditure because the roads were not the property of the assessee. - Travancore-Cochin Chemicals Ltd. v. CIT: Expenditure on constructing a new road was held to be capital expenditure as it secured an enduring advantage. - L. H. Sugar Factory and Oil Mills (P.) Ltd. v. CIT: Contributions towards road construction were treated as revenue expenditure because the roads were not the property of the assessee and no tangible or intangible asset was acquired. 6. Ownership and Depreciation Claim: The assessee claimed depreciation allowance on the road, indicating ownership. The Tribunal allowed the depreciation claim, reinforcing the view that the road was a capital asset owned by the assessee. Conclusion: The judgment concludes that the expenditure of Rs. 20,00,598 incurred by the assessee for constructing the road was of a capital nature. The Tribunal's decision was upheld, and the question was answered in the affirmative, favoring the revenue. There was no order as to costs. Separate Judgments: Both judges, Suhas Chandra Sen and Bhagabati Prasad Banerjee, concurred with the judgment, with no separate judgments delivered.
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