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Interpretation of "actual cost" under section 43 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 in relation to a subsidy received under the Scheme for Central outright grant for determining depreciation. Detailed Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the treatment of a subsidy received by an assessee under the Central Outright Grant of Subsidy Scheme, 1971, in relation to the calculation of depreciation on plant and machinery. The Assessing Officer contended that the subsidy amount should be deducted from the cost of assets for depreciation calculation based on section 43(1) of the Income-tax Act, defining "actual cost." The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) and the Tribunal disagreed, emphasizing the conditions of the subsidy scheme and the intention behind the grant. The Commissioner held that unless the subsidy was specifically meant as reimbursement of fixed asset costs, it should not be deducted for depreciation calculation. The key point of contention was whether the subsidy received should be considered as reimbursement towards the cost of fixed assets, thereby affecting the calculation of depreciation. The judgment highlighted that the nature and intention of the subsidy grantor are crucial in determining whether the subsidy should be deducted from the cost of fixed assets. If the subsidy is not explicitly intended as reimbursement for asset costs, it should not be considered as part of the actual cost for depreciation calculation. The judgment emphasized that the mere adoption of a percentage of fixed capital cost for subsidy quantification does not automatically imply reimbursement of asset costs. Instead, the purpose of the subsidy and the conditions attached to its grant are essential factors to consider. The Tribunal, relying on a Special Bench judgment, upheld the view that the subsidy in question was not meant as reimbursement for asset costs but rather as an incentive to promote industrial growth. The judgment concluded that unless there is clear evidence to the contrary, subsidies granted for industrial growth should not be presumed as reimbursement for asset costs. As the Tribunal's decision was found to be based on factual evidence and in line with the intention behind the subsidy scheme, the Court ruled in favor of the assessee, affirming that the subsidy should not be deducted from the cost of assets for depreciation calculation. The judgment was delivered by Judge Arijit Pasayat, with Judge S. K. Mohanty concurring. In conclusion, the judgment clarified the interpretation of "actual cost" under section 43 of the Income-tax Act concerning subsidies received under specific schemes. It underscored the importance of considering the grantor's intention and the purpose of the subsidy in determining whether it should be deducted from the cost of fixed assets for depreciation calculation. The decision favored the assessee, emphasizing that subsidies aimed at industrial growth should not automatically be treated as reimbursement for asset costs unless explicitly specified.
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