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Issues:
1. Whether the provisions of sections 40(b) and 40A(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, operate in different fields? 2. Whether the disallowance of Rs. 18,000 in the appellant's case in respect of the assessment year 1974-75 under section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, was justified? Detailed Analysis: The case involved an assessee, a partnership concern, that paid Rs. 18,000 as salary to three of its partners during the assessment year 1974-75 and claimed it as a business expenditure. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the deduction citing section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which prohibits the deduction of salary paid to partners. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal upheld the disallowance. The Tribunal concluded that sections 40(b) and 40A of the Act operate in different fields, leading to the reference of questions to the High Court for opinion. The High Court analyzed the provisions of section 40(b), which disallows payment of salary to partners by a firm. The court highlighted that section 40 has an overriding effect over other provisions for deductions. The assessee argued that section 40A, with a non obstante clause, should override section 40, but the court clarified that section 40A only prevails where it specifically covers the matter in question. The court referred to section 40A(2)(a), which allows the disallowance of excessive or unreasonable expenditures, but noted that salary payments to partners do not fall within the scope of section 40A. The court also referenced a previous judgment where it was established that services under section 40A are commercial in nature and do not include the payment of salary to partners. Since the payment of salary to partners was clearly covered by section 40(b) and not section 40A, the court upheld the disallowance of the entire salary amount. The court clarified that if section 40A applies, it would exclude section 40, but in this case, the matter fell under section 40 alone. Therefore, the Tribunal's decision that sections 40(b) and 40A operate in different fields was deemed correct. In conclusion, the High Court answered both questions in favor of the Revenue, upholding the disallowance of the salary payment to partners under section 40(b) for the assessment year 1974-75. No costs were awarded in the case.
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