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Assessment of share income from three firms in the hands of the association of persons or a body of individuals for the year 1974-75. Analysis: The case involved the assessment of share income from three firms in the hands of the applicant and her children as an association of persons. The deceased partner's widow, the applicant, became a partner in the firms after his death. The Income-tax Officer initiated proceedings to assess the income in the hands of the applicant and her children as an association of persons. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner confirmed the assessment, stating that the applicant and her children inherited the business interest of the deceased as co-heirs in their individual capacity. The Appellate Tribunal upheld the assessment, considering the income derived by the applicant as belonging not only to her but also to her minor children under the Hindu Succession Act. The main question was whether the applicant and her children could be assessed as a body of individuals or an association of persons. The court examined the definitions of "association of persons" and "body of individuals" as per previous decisions. It was established that for a group to be considered a body of individuals, there must be unity under a common tie or occupation. The court analyzed various scenarios where individuals come together, emphasizing that a mere collection of individuals without a common aim does not constitute a body of individuals. The key question was whether the applicant and her children, as joint inheritors, could be assessed as a body of individuals or an association of persons. Referring to the decision in CGT v. R. Valsala Amma, the court considered the nature of joint inheritance and the capacity in which the applicant and her children inherited the business interest. The court rejected the argument that the mere fact of the applicant becoming a partner and carrying on the business on behalf of her minor children constituted a body of individuals. The court highlighted that there was no unity of interest as the partnership interest was divisible, and the applicant and her children had defined shares in the business. The Revenue contended that the applicant and her children should be assessed as a body of individuals due to their joint inheritance and the applicant's role as a partner. However, the court distinguished this case from previous decisions that supported the unity of interest test for a body of individuals. The court also rejected the argument that a minor through a guardian could become a member of an association of persons without explicit assent. The court emphasized that there was no evidence to suggest that the applicant had consented on behalf of the minors to carry on the business as a body of individuals. In conclusion, the court held that the applicant and her children could not be assessed as a body of individuals or an association of persons based on the facts and circumstances of the case. The court distinguished relevant precedents where joint inheritance or continued business operation indicated unity of interest, which was lacking in the present case. Therefore, the court answered the question in the negative and in favor of the assessee, ruling against the assessment of share income as an association of persons or a body of individuals.
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