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Interpretation of tax liability on payment to a foreign collaborator under the Income-tax Act, 1961 for the assessment year 1973-74. Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the tax liability on a payment of Rs. 26 lakhs made to a Swiss company, M/s. Bernard Golay S.A., under a technical collaboration agreement. The Income-tax Officer brought the sum to tax for the assessment year 1973-74, but the Appellate Assistant Commissioner allowed the appeal filed by the assessee. The Revenue then appealed to the Tribunal, which dismissed the appeal, leading to the current reference before the High Court. The main contention of the Revenue was that the sum of Rs. 26 lakhs had accrued to the foreign collaborator and should be taxed under the Income-tax Act. On the other hand, the assessee argued that the entire sum had not accrued or been received in India, as established by the findings of the Tribunal and the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. The Tribunal and the Appellate Assistant Commissioner found that the collaboration agreement was initiated in Switzerland, the technical know-how documents were provided in Switzerland, no employees were deputed to India, and no business activity took place in India during the relevant accounting year. Relying on the principles laid down in Carborandum Co. v. CIT [1977] 108 ITR 335 (SC), they concluded that the Rs. 26 lakhs did not accrue or arise in India for tax purposes. The High Court upheld the findings of the lower authorities, emphasizing that the sum in question had not accrued or been received in India based on the facts presented. Consequently, the High Court ruled in favor of the assessee, answering the referred question in the negative, against the Revenue. The court also directed each party to bear their own costs in the case.
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