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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the sum of Rs. 1,79,742 and Rs. 1,73,526 could be disallowed under section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance under Section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961: The primary issue revolves around whether the sums of Rs. 1,79,742 and Rs. 1,73,526 paid by the assessee company to a partnership firm could be disallowed under section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The facts reveal that the partnership firm, K. M. Ananda Prabhu and Sons, was converted into a private limited company, Prakash Beedies Limited, with the same individuals as directors. The company paid royalties to the firm under an agreement, which the Income-tax Officer initially allowed as deductions. The Commissioner of Income-tax, exercising suo motu revision powers under section 263, revised the assessment orders, disallowing the amounts exceeding the ceiling limit prescribed in section 40(c). The Commissioner argued that the payments were indirectly benefiting the directors, thus attracting the provisions of section 40(c). The Tribunal, however, disagreed, stating that the payments were made to a separate assessable entity, i.e., the firm, and not directly to the directors. The court examined the nature of a partnership firm and its partners under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, and relevant case law. It concluded that a partnership firm is not a distinct legal entity separate from its partners. Therefore, payments made to a firm, whose partners are also directors of the paying company, should be considered payments to the directors themselves, thereby attracting section 40(c). Conclusion: The court held that the payments made by the assessee company to the firm were indeed payments to its directors, and thus, section 40(c) and its ceiling limits applied. Consequently, the Tribunal's view was overturned, and the Commissioner's order was upheld. The questions referred were answered in the negative, in favor of the Revenue and against the assessee.
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