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Issues Involved:
1. Aggregation of life insurance policy proceeds with the general estate for determining estate duty. 2. Deductibility of undischarged loan amounts from the proceeds of the insurance policies. 3. Reopening of assessment under Section 59 of the Estate Duty Act. 4. Rectification of mistakes by the Tribunal under Section 61 of the Act. Detailed Analysis: 1. Aggregation of Life Insurance Policy Proceeds: The principal issue was whether the proceeds of three life insurance policies should be aggregated with the general estate of the deceased for determining the rate of duty under the Estate Duty Act, 1953. The policies in question were two from Phoenix Assurance Company and one from Standard Life Insurance Company. The Tribunal initially held that the policies should be separately assessed and not aggregated for rate determination under Section 34 of the Act. However, the Assistant Controller of Estate Duty, influenced by a Gujarat decision, reopened the assessment and aggregated the policy proceeds with the general estate. The court concluded that the policies should indeed be aggregated, as the deceased retained an interest in the policies, evidenced by the history of loans and repayments. This decision was supported by various precedents and legal tests, including the "beneficial interest" and "disclaimer" tests. 2. Deductibility of Undischarged Loan Amounts: The accountable person argued that the loan amount of Rs. 71,250, which was undischarged at the time of the deceased's death, should be deducted from the general estate and not from the proceeds of the policies. The Tribunal had initially allowed this deduction, but the court found that this question did not arise due to the aggregation of the policies with the general estate. Therefore, the loan amount was not separately deductible from the general estate. 3. Reopening of Assessment: The reopening of the assessment was challenged on the grounds that the Assistant Controller's decision was based on "information" that did not meet the requirements of Section 59 of the Act. The court held that the Assistant Controller was justified in reopening the assessment based on the Gujarat High Court's decision, which provided new legal insight into the aggregation of policy proceeds. This was considered valid "information" under Section 59, aligning with the principles laid out in Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society v. CIT. 4. Rectification of Mistakes: The Tribunal's rectification of its earlier order, which had mistakenly overlooked evidence of loan repayments, was also upheld. The court found that the Tribunal acted within its jurisdiction under Section 61 of the Act, which allows for the rectification of any mistake apparent from the record. The evidence on record clearly indicated the deceased's interest in the policies, justifying the rectification. Conclusion: The court answered the referred questions as follows: 1. The Tribunal was not justified in ordering separate assessments for the insurance policies. 2. The question of deducting the loan amount from the general estate did not arise. 3. The estate duty payable is not deductible while computing the net estate exigible to duty. 4. The reopening of the assessment under Section 59 was proper. 5. The insurance policies should be aggregated with the general estate. 6. The Tribunal acted within its jurisdiction in rectifying its earlier order. 7. The aggregation of the Standard Life Assurance Co-policy with the main estate was proper. 8. Section 34(3) of the Act was applicable, and the aggregation was justified. The court also certified the case as fit for appeal to the Supreme Court under the Act, 34 of 1953.
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