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Issues Involved:
1. Interpretation of Clause 6.4.6 of the Interconnect Agreement. 2. Nature of Clause 6.4.6: Penal or Pre-estimate of Damages. 3. Obligations of UASL Licensees under the Agreement. 4. Validity of BSNL's demand and disconnection notices. 5. Applicability of Section 74 of the Contract Act. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Interpretation of Clause 6.4.6 of the Interconnect Agreement: Clause 6.4.6 pertains to wrongly routed calls and outlines the charges applicable for unauthorized calls detected on trunk groups. It states that if calls other than those specified for a trunk group are detected, BSNL shall charge the highest applicable Interconnect Usage Charges (IUC) for all calls recorded on that trunk group from the date of provisioning or for the preceding two months, whichever is less. This clause was interpreted by BSNL as a measure to ensure compliance and prevent unauthorized routing of calls, which could lead to financial losses and disruption of services. 2. Nature of Clause 6.4.6: Penal or Pre-estimate of Damages: The Supreme Court analyzed whether Clause 6.4.6 is penal or represents a pre-estimate of damages. The Court emphasized that the clause should be viewed in the context of the regulatory regime governing telecommunications. It was noted that the clause restricts the higher IUC rate to the last two preceding months, indicating it is not penal but a pre-estimate of reasonable compensation for losses. The Court highlighted that liquidated damages serve to avoid litigation and promote commercial certainty, which is crucial in regulatory regimes. Therefore, Clause 6.4.6 was held to represent a pre-estimate of reasonable compensation and not a penalty. 3. Obligations of UASL Licensees under the Agreement: The UASL (Unified Access Service Licensee) is responsible for ensuring that its interconnect facilities conform to specified standards and for maintaining the integrity of its exchange/POI (Point of Interconnection). The UASL must prevent the transmission of unauthorized calls and maintain detailed billing records. The Agreement stipulates that international calls must be identified and forwarded to the appropriate trunk group of BSNL. Failure to do so results in financial and operational consequences, including higher IUC charges for unauthorized calls. 4. Validity of BSNL's Demand and Disconnection Notices: BSNL issued demand notices and disconnection notices to Reliance for unauthorized routing of calls and tampering with CLI (Calling Line Identification). The Supreme Court remitted the matter to TDSAT (Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal) to decide de novo, particularly examining the allegation that the number 2813041000 was unallocated during the relevant period. The Court emphasized the need for TDSAT to consider the facts and the law laid down regarding Clause 6.4.6. 5. Applicability of Section 74 of the Contract Act: Section 74 of the Contract Act deals with compensation for breach of contract. The Supreme Court held that since Clause 6.4.6 represents a pre-estimate of reasonable compensation and not a penalty, Section 74 is not violated. The Court did not find it necessary to discuss various judgments under Section 74 in detail, as the clause was deemed to provide a reasonable measure of compensation for the loss suffered by BSNL due to unauthorized routing of calls. Conclusion: The Supreme Court set aside the impugned judgment and remitted the matter to TDSAT for a fresh decision. The Court clarified that Clause 6.4.6 of the Interconnect Agreement represents a pre-estimate of reasonable compensation for losses suffered by BSNL and is not penal in nature. The TDSAT was directed to examine the facts, particularly the allegation regarding the unallocated number, and decide the matter in accordance with the law laid down by the Supreme Court. The civil appeal was allowed with no order as to costs.
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