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Issues:
1. Appeal against judgment decreeing damages for goods damaged during transportation. 2. Question of limitation in filing suits against the carrier. 3. Implied acknowledgment of liability by the carrier. 4. Assessment of damages and starting point of limitation. 5. Claim for refund of duty paid due to damaged goods. Analysis: 1. The Union of India, represented by the General Manager, Southern Railway, appealed against a judgment decreeing damages for goods damaged during transportation to Colombo. The Subordinate Judge decreed the suits for damages, attributing the damage to misconduct by the railway's employees. The appeals mainly focused on the issues of limitation and negligence by the railway. 2. The appeals argued the applicability of Article 30 of the Limitation Act, which provides a one-year period for suits against carriers for losing or injuring goods. The burden lies on the carrier to prove that the loss occurred beyond one year from the suit date. The starting point of limitation was debated, emphasizing the date when the consignee becomes aware of the injury to the goods. 3. The judgment analyzed the question of implied acknowledgment of liability by the carrier based on communications between the parties. It was concluded that there was no express or implied admission of liability by the railway, leading to the dismissal of the claims due to being barred by limitation. 4. The assessment of damages and the starting point of limitation were crucial in determining the timeliness of the suits. The court considered the dates of open delivery of goods, communications regarding damages, and the awareness of the consignee to ascertain the commencement of the limitation period. 5. Additionally, a claim for the refund of duty paid due to the damaged goods was raised. The court found that this claim was intertwined with the compensation for the injury to the goods, falling under the purview of Article 30 of the Limitation Act. Ultimately, the suits were dismissed on the grounds of being barred by limitation, with each party bearing their respective costs.
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