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Interpretation of the term "reserve" under the Business Profits Tax Act. Analysis: The judgment dealt with the interpretation of the term "reserve" under the Business Profits Tax Act in the case of the National City Bank of New York. The contention of the bank was that certain amounts described as "undivided profits" should be treated as reserves for computing taxable income. The Tribunal rejected this claim, leading to the bank's appeal. The court referred to the Supreme Court decision in Commissioner of Income-tax v. Century Spinning and Manufacturing Co. Ltd., establishing the criteria for what constitutes a reserve. It emphasized that for profits to be considered a reserve, there must be a deliberate act by directors to allocate profits for a specific purpose. Mere retention of profits for business use does not qualify as a reserve. The court examined the bank's financial reports, noting the transfer of $10,000,000 from undivided profits to surplus, which was acknowledged as a general reserve. The bank's argument that the remaining balance of undivided profits constituted a reserve was refuted. The court highlighted that the undivided profits account was akin to a profit and loss account, with no specific allocation or earmarking for a particular purpose. The court scrutinized the accounting practices of American banks, pointing out that undivided profits were unappropriated profits after dividends and reserves were allocated, not constituting a reserve as per Indian accounting standards. Moreover, the court referenced a letter from the Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, supporting the view that undivided profits were akin to earned surplus and were not earmarked for any specific purpose. The court emphasized that the term "undivided profits" did not automatically imply the creation of a reserve and that the balance between account keeping in India and the United States did not alter the definition of a reserve. The court concluded that the undivided profits in question did not meet the criteria set by the Supreme Court for constituting a reserve, leading to the dismissal of the bank's claim and a ruling in favor of the Department. In light of the above analysis, the court answered the question in the negative, requiring the assessee to bear the costs. The judgment underscored the importance of a deliberate allocation of profits for a specific purpose to qualify as a reserve under the Business Profits Tax Act, emphasizing the legal definition and criteria established by precedent cases for determining reserves in corporate accounting practices.
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