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Issues:
1. Interpretation of partnership deed in determining the source of funds invested in a business. 2. Whether a declaration in a partnership deed is sufficient to establish a joint family business. 3. Impression of joint family property on self-acquired property. 4. Relevance of intention in converting separate property into joint family property. 5. Consideration of recital in partnership deed as evidence of joint family property. Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the source of funds invested in a business by an individual who claimed it to be ancestral property. The individual, a member of a joint Hindu family with his minor son, entered into a partnership deed designating himself as the manager of the undivided Hindu family. The Income-tax authorities rejected the claim that the investment was ancestral property and treated it as individual income. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal upheld this decision. The Court emphasized that under Hindu law, joint family status can exist even without ancestral property. It highlighted that intention plays a crucial role in converting separate property into joint family property. The declaration in the partnership deed, where the individual identified himself as the manager of the undivided Hindu family, was considered significant. The Court ruled that if the declaration unambiguously indicates the intention to treat separate property as joint family property, it should be accepted unless it represents a mere future intention. The Court criticized the Tribunal's interpretation, which suggested the joint family included the individual's father and brothers. The Court clarified that the reference to the undivided Hindu family in the deed pertained only to the individual and his minor son. It noted that the partnership, functioning based on the deed's terms, demonstrated the actualization of the intention to convert separate property into joint family property. Ultimately, the Court held that the profits from the business were received by the individual as the manager of the undivided Hindu family, comprising himself and his son. It concluded that the recital in the partnership deed, coupled with the business's operation, was sufficient to establish the individual's entitlement to the profits as joint family property. The Court ruled in favor of the individual, granting him costs. In conclusion, the judgment clarified the significance of intention and declaration in converting separate property into joint family property, emphasizing the importance of unambiguous expressions of intent. The Court's decision highlighted the evidentiary value of partnership deeds in establishing the nature of business ownership within a joint Hindu family context.
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