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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the remuneration and commission received by the assessee as managing director were assessable in the hands of the assessee-Hindu undivided family (HUF). Detailed Analysis: Background: The assessee inherited a tobacco business and other properties from his father, which were considered joint family properties. He converted the business into a private limited company, K. S. Subbiah Pillai and Co. Pvt. Ltd., with shares held by himself and his wife. The income from the business was initially assessed separately for the assessee and his wife, but later the Income Tax Officer (ITO) reopened the assessments, claiming the income should be assessed in the hands of the HUF. Assessment Years and Appeals: The relevant assessment years are 1959-60 to 1965-66, 1969-70, and 1970-71. The ITO reopened assessments under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, and assessed the income as HUF income. The assessee filed appeals, which were partially allowed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC), who differentiated between the income from sitting fees and dividends (assessed as HUF income) and the remuneration and commission (assessed as individual income). The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) upheld the AAC's findings, leading to further appeals by the Revenue. Key Legal Question: The primary legal question referred for opinion was whether the remuneration and commission received by the assessee as managing director were assessable in the hands of the HUF. Legal Principles and Precedents: 1. Hindu Law on Joint Family Property: - Property acquired by a karta or coparcener with the aid of joint family assets is considered joint family property unless acquired without detriment to the ancestral estate. - This principle is supported by ancient texts and reiterated by the Privy Council in Amar Nath v. Hukam Chand Nathu Mal [1921]. 2. Supreme Court Decisions: - CIT v. Kalu Babu Lal Chand [1959]: Remuneration received by a karta as managing director was held as HUF income due to the use of family funds. - V. D. Dhanwatey v. CIT [1968]: Remuneration related to the investment of family funds in a partnership was held as HUF income. - P. N. Krishna Iyer v. CIT [1969]: Income earned with the aid or detriment of family funds is HUF income. - Raj Kumar Singh Hukam Chandji v. CIT [1970]: Distinguished between income earned as compensation for services and income as a return on family investment. Tribunal and High Court Findings: 1. Tribunal's Findings: - The Tribunal found that the sitting fees were HUF income, but the remuneration and commission were individual income due to personal exertions of the assessee. - The Tribunal noted the significant increase in the company's profits due to the assessee's management, suggesting personal efforts rather than family investment. 2. High Court Analysis: - The High Court disagreed with the Tribunal, emphasizing that the business and shares were acquired with family funds. - The Court noted that the assessee's role as managing director was linked to the family investment in the company. - The Court found no evidence of special qualifications or experience justifying the remuneration as personal income. Conclusion: The High Court concluded that the remuneration and commission received by the assessee as managing director were assessable in the hands of the HUF. The Court emphasized the connection between the investment of joint family funds and the income received, following the principles laid down by the Supreme Court in earlier cases. Final Judgment: The High Court answered the question in the affirmative, in favor of the Revenue, holding that the remuneration and commission were HUF income. The Revenue was entitled to costs, with counsel's fee fixed at Rs. 500 one set.
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