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Issues Involved:
1. Aggregation and exemption under Section 34(2) of the Estate Duty Act. 2. Application of Section 33(1)(n) exemption to joint family property. 3. Computation of deceased's share and lineal descendant's share under Section 39(3). Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Aggregation and Exemption under Section 34(2) of the Estate Duty Act: The court examined the method of calculating estate duty when the estate includes both exempted and non-exempted properties. Section 34(2) states, "Where any such estate as is referred to in sub-section (1) includes any property exempt from estate duty, the estate duty leviable on the property not so exempt shall be an amount bearing to the total amount of duty which would have been payable on the whole estate had no part of it been so exempt, the same proportion as the value of the property not so exempt bears to the value of the whole estate." The court noted that the standard practice involves calculating the average rate of duty on the aggregate estate and applying it to the non-exempted estate. 2. Application of Section 33(1)(n) Exemption to Joint Family Property: The court addressed the issue of applying Section 33(1)(n) exemption to a village house used as a residence by the deceased but owned by the joint family. The Assistant Controller had deducted only the deceased's share in the residential house for exemption purposes, but the Tribunal accepted the accountable person's contention that the value of the house should be deducted in its entirety from the joint family property before determining the shares of the deceased and the lineal descendants. The court observed that Section 33(1)(n) speaks of a house being exclusively used by the deceased for his residence, and although the house in question was a family dwelling house, the exemption should still apply. The court emphasized that the exemption provisions are necessarily mixed with the computation of the total property value and should be considered when evaluating the joint family property under Section 39(3). 3. Computation of Deceased's Share and Lineal Descendant's Share under Section 39(3): The court explained that Section 39(3) requires the principal value of the joint family property to be estimated as if the whole property belonged to the deceased. This involves evaluating the entire joint family property and then deriving the deceased's share by dividing the total value by his fractional interest. The court rejected the Department's argument that Section 33(1)(n) should not be considered in this computation, stating that the exemption must be applied to the joint family property as a whole before determining the deceased's and the lineal descendant's shares. The court referred to the precedent set in CED v. Estate of Late R. Krishnamachari, which held that the value of exempt properties should be deducted from the total value of the joint family property before determining the deceased's share. The court affirmed that this method avoids inequalities in tax burdens and ensures that the shares of the deceased and the lineal descendants are computed on the same basis. Conclusion: The court concluded that the Tribunal was correct in holding that the exemption under Section 33(1)(n) should be allowed from the value of the joint family properties before determining the shares of the deceased and the lineal descendants. The court emphasized that the exemption provisions must be considered in the computation process to ensure fairness and consistency in the application of estate duty laws. The answer to the referred question of law was in the affirmative and against the Department.
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