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Claim for weighted deduction under section 35B of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved a firm of architects with three partners practicing in India and abroad. The firm incurred travel expenses for a project in Ceylon, claiming a deduction under section 35B of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Section 35B provides a special allowance for export markets development expenses, including travel expenses, to promote export trade. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) denied the allowance, stating that since there was no income from the Ceylon project, the weighted deduction could not be granted. The firm's accounts were maintained on a cash basis, reflecting actual expenditure but no corresponding income. The Tribunal disagreed with the ITO, holding that the absence of receipts in a trading year does not preclude the allowance under section 35B. The Tribunal's decision was based on the understanding that export expenses, including those incurred for the Ceylon project, should qualify for deduction under general principles, irrespective of immediate income generation. The allowance under section 35B is characterized by a weighted deduction, enhancing the actual expenditure by a specified percentage. The Tribunal emphasized that the basic principles governing business expenditure, such as being incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes, apply to claims under section 35B as well. The Tribunal's interpretation aligned with established legal principles and the legislative intent behind section 35B. The ITO's assessment order also raised the possibility of the firm becoming eligible for relief under section 80-O of the Income-tax Act, which provides tax exemption for foreign income under specific conditions. The ITO suggested that since the firm might qualify for relief under section 80-O in the future, they should be denied the weighted deduction under section 35B. However, the Tribunal rejected this reasoning, stating that the two provisions offer independent reliefs and are not mutually exclusive. The Tribunal's decision emphasized that the weighted deduction under section 35B should not be contingent on potential relief under section 80-O. In conclusion, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, affirming that the firm was entitled to the weighted deduction under section 35B. The judgment clarified that the absence of immediate income from a specific project does not disqualify export expenses from being eligible for deduction, and the availability of relief under a different provision does not affect the entitlement to the weighted deduction under section 35B. The decision favored the firm, emphasizing adherence to legal principles and statutory provisions governing business deductions.
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