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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the expenditure of Rs. 32,184 incurred in shifting the assessee's laboratory to new premises was a revenue expenditure allowable u/s 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Summary: Issue 1: Revenue vs. Capital Expenditure The primary issue was whether the expenditure of Rs. 32,184 incurred by the assessee in shifting its laboratory to new premises was a revenue expenditure allowable u/s 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The ITO disallowed the expenditure, treating it as capital expenditure, asserting that the benefit derived was of an enduring nature and created a permanent advantage for the assessee-company. Appeal to AAC: The AAC upheld the ITO's decision, relying on the decision in CIT v. Hindusthan Motors Ltd. [1968] 68 ITR 301 and the Supreme Court's decision in Sitalpur Sugar Works Ltd. v. CIT [1963] 49 ITR 160 (SC). Tribunal's Decision: The Tribunal, however, decided in favor of the assessee, finding that the shifting was for efficient working and better research. It concluded that the assessee did not derive any permanent benefit from the expenditure and allowed the claim u/s 37(1). High Court's Analysis: The High Court examined several precedents to determine the nature of the expenditure. It noted that the question of whether an expenditure is capital or revenue must be judged by judicial common sense, considering the degree, nature, and benefit of the expenses involved. Key Precedents Considered: - Granite Supply Association Ltd. v. Kitton [1905] 5 TC 168: The cost of transferring plant was considered capital expenditure. - Sitalpur Sugar Works Ltd. v. CIT [1963] 49 ITR 160 (SC): Expenditure for shifting a factory was held as capital expenditure. - CIT v. Hindusthan Motors Ltd. [1968] 68 ITR 301: Expenditure for road repair was considered revenue expenditure. - Lakshmiji Sugar Mills Co. P. Ltd. v. CIT [1971] 82 ITR 376 (SC): Contributions for road development were held as revenue expenditure. - Travancore-Cochin Chemicals Ltd. v. CIT [1977] 106 ITR 900: Expenditure for new road construction was considered capital expenditure. - L. H. Sugar Factory & Oil Mills P. Ltd. v. CIT [1980] 125 ITR 293: Contributions under a development scheme were held as revenue expenditure. - Empire Jute Co. Ltd. v. CIT [1980] 124 ITR 1: Emphasized that no single test is conclusive and each case must be decided on its facts. Conclusion: The High Court concluded that the predominant purpose of incurring the expenditure was for the efficient running of the business and not for acquiring an enduring benefit. Therefore, the expenditure was of a revenue nature and allowable u/s 37(1). The question was answered in the affirmative and in favor of the assessee. Costs: In the facts and circumstances of the case, parties were directed to pay and bear their own costs. Agreement: Suhas Chandra Sen J. agreed with the judgment.
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