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1. Maintainability of applications as criminal writ jurisdiction cases. Analysis: The judgment involves two cases where the petitioners challenged orders suspending or canceling their arms licenses under the Arms Act. The main issue for determination was whether these applications were maintainable as criminal writ jurisdiction cases. The High Court clarified that applications under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution can be classified as Civil Writ Jurisdiction Cases (C.W.J.C.) or Criminal Writ Jurisdiction Cases (Cr.W.J.C.) based on the nature of the right infringed and the relief claimed for. The Court referred to the case of I.S.A.L. Narayan Row v. Ishwarlal Bhagwandas, where the distinction between civil and criminal proceedings was explained. It was highlighted that civil proceedings involve the assertion of civil rights and claims for relief, while criminal proceedings may result in sentences or orders for maintenance of law and order. The Court emphasized that the nature of the proceeding depends on the right violated and the relief claimed. Regarding the cancellation or suspension of arms licenses under the Arms Act, the Court determined that such proceedings are civil in nature. The licensing authority's actions deprive the license holder of their statutory right to hold arms, making it a quasi-judicial civil proceeding. The Court differentiated between orders passed by the licensing authority and those passed by a court during conviction, stating that the former falls under civil proceedings. Furthermore, the judgment discussed the nature of proceedings under the Essential Commodities Act and Customs Act, emphasizing that confiscation proceedings may be civil unless punitive in a criminal context. The Court also noted that habeas corpus petitions against the State would be considered criminal proceedings. In conclusion, the High Court held that the applications filed as criminal writ jurisdiction cases were not maintainable. The petitioners were given the opportunity to convert the applications into civil writ jurisdiction cases within a specified timeframe to ensure justice was not denied on procedural grounds. The judgment was delivered by Hon'ble Judges Nagendra Rai and I.P. Singh, JJ., with legal representation from Mahesh Prasad, Pankaj Kumar Sinha, and D.N. Yadav, Govt. Adv.
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