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Issues Involved:
1. Validity of the information under section 147(b) for reopening assessment concerning royalty payments. 2. Validity of the action under section 147(b) concerning the deduction of London office management expenses. Detailed Analysis: Issue 1: Validity of the Information under Section 147(b) for Reopening Assessment Concerning Royalty Payments The primary controversy revolves around whether there was any valid information to justify reopening the assessment under section 147(b) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The court examined the scheme of reopening as embodied in sections 148 and 147, noting that a completed assessment can be reopened by serving a notice under section 148, provided conditions in clause (a) or clause (b) of section 147 are fulfilled. Clause (b) requires that there must be information in the possession of the Income Tax Officer (ITO) leading to a belief that the income has escaped assessment or has been under-assessed. The Tribunal had observed that the ITO became aware of the Rajasthan High Court's decision in CIT v. Gotan Lime Syndicate [1964] 51 ITR 533, which held that royalty payments for obtaining mining rights were capital in nature and not deductible as revenue expenditure. The ITO, based on this decision, believed that the royalty payments on crude oil and gas were wrongly allowed as revenue expenditure in the original assessment. The court noted that the Rajasthan High Court's decision, when delivered, constituted valid information. However, the Supreme Court later reversed this decision in Gotan Lime Syndicate v. CIT [1966] 59 ITR 718, holding that the payment of royalty was a revenue expenditure. The court emphasized that the law declared by the Supreme Court is deemed to be the law from its inception, and thus, the Rajasthan High Court's decision, when it was delivered, constituted valid information for reopening the assessment. The court held that the ITO had jurisdiction to issue the notice based on the Rajasthan High Court's decision, which was valid information at the time. Therefore, the Tribunal was right in holding that the decision constituted information under section 147(b), making the proceedings validly taken. Issue 2: Validity of the Action under Section 147(b) Concerning the Deduction of London Office Management Expenses The Tribunal held that the action under section 147(b) related to the London office management expenses was not validly taken as there was no information in the possession of the ITO leading to a reasonable belief that the income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment due to the allowance of these expenses. The court examined whether the entire assessment was at large upon reopening. It was observed that once an assessment is reopened, the entire assessment is set aside, and the income which has escaped assessment, even if not initially considered, should be examined. The court noted that the ITO could reassess all items, including deductions not warranted, as part of the escaped income. The court concluded that the Tribunal was in error in its finding on this aspect. Therefore, the action under section 147(b) concerning the London office management expenses was validly taken, and the Tribunal's decision was overturned. Conclusion: 1. The court answered the first question in the affirmative, holding that the Rajasthan High Court's decision constituted valid information under section 147(b), making the reopening of the assessment concerning royalty payments valid. 2. The court answered the second question in the negative, holding that the action under section 147(b) concerning the London office management expenses was validly taken, and the Tribunal's decision was incorrect. In the facts and circumstances of the case, each party was ordered to bear its own costs.
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