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Issues: Assessment under section 23A for the assessment year 1956-57; Justification of canceling the order under section 23A(1); Applicability of the period of limitation prescribed by section 34(3) to an order under section 23A.
Analysis: The judgment of the Bombay High Court, delivered by Justice S. K. Desai, pertains to an assessment under section 23A for the assessment year 1956-57 concerning an assessee-company classified as a section 23A-company. The assessed profits of the company, after deductions, amounted to Rs. 7,23,630, with a distributable balance of Rs. 4,14,875. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) levied additional super-tax of Rs. 1,07,764 as the company declared dividends on preference shares of only Rs. 1,29,062, which was contested by the company citing a rehabilitation program necessitating fund retention. The company's application under section 23A(3) was rejected by the Commissioner as belated, leading to the ITO's decision. The company's appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) was unsuccessful, prompting an appeal to the Tribunal. The Tribunal, considering the company's rehabilitation program and financial position, held in favor of the company, emphasizing the reasonableness of declared dividends in light of business considerations and past actions. The first issue raised before the High Court was whether the Tribunal was justified in canceling the order under section 23A(1) levying additional super-tax for the assessment year 1956-57. The Court, relying on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. Gangadhar Banerjee and Co. P. Ltd., emphasized the need for assessing reasonableness of dividends based on business considerations. Considering the company's substantial rehabilitation program, machinery acquisitions, and financial activities, the Court concluded that the declared dividends were reasonable from a businessman's standpoint, affirming the Tribunal's decision. The second issue pertained to whether an order under section 23A, post its amendment by the Finance Act, 1955, is subject to the limitation period prescribed by section 34(3). The Court, following precedent, noted that this issue was concluded against the assessee based on the Supreme Court's decision in M. M. Parikh v. Navanagar Transport and Industries Ltd. The Court held that the period of limitation prescribed by section 34(3) applies to orders under section 23A, leading to an unfavorable ruling for the assessee on this issue. In conclusion, the High Court ruled in favor of the assessee on the first issue, affirming the Tribunal's decision to cancel the order under section 23A(1). However, the Court ruled against the assessee on the second issue, stating that the period of limitation prescribed by section 34(3) applies to orders under section 23A. The parties were directed to bear their own costs in the reference.
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