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Issues:
1. Validity of invoking section 34(1)(a) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 2. Entitlement to depreciation under rule 8 of the Income-tax Rules for ships in the fleet for more than 20 years Analysis: The judgment pertains to assessment years 1947-48 to 1957-58 involving a non-resident shipping company registered in Norway conducting business in India. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) reopened assessments for these years, disallowing depreciation for ships in the fleet for over 20 years under section 34(1)(a) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) found that the assessee had provided necessary particulars during original assessments, concluding that no income had escaped assessment due to failure to disclose material facts. The AAC emphasized that the duty of the assessee is to disclose primary facts, not draw inferences from them, citing the Supreme Court's decision in Calcutta Discount Co.'s case [1961] 41 ITR 191. The Tribunal upheld the AAC's decision, stating there was no excessive depreciation and hence no income escapement. However, the Tribunal did not address whether any escapement was due to the assessee's failure to disclose material facts. Consequently, the High Court remanded the case to the Tribunal to determine if there was any failure or omission by the assessee to disclose relevant facts during the original assessment, leading to income escapement. The High Court highlighted that if there was no failure to disclose, the reopening would be invalid, rendering the second issue of entitlement to depreciation for ships over 20 years irrelevant. In conclusion, the High Court directed the Tribunal to thoroughly assess if there was any omission by the assessee in disclosing material facts during the original assessment, which could have led to income escapement. The decision on the entitlement to depreciation for ships in the fleet for more than 20 years hinged on the determination of whether there was a failure to disclose relevant facts. The High Court's decision emphasized the importance of assessing the validity of reopening assessments based on the disclosure of primary facts by the assessee.
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