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Interpretation of whether the sum collected by the assessee towards 'rusum' on commission sales of jaggery constitutes taxable income for the assessment year 1969-70 and whether the same sum is allowable as a deduction as sales tax payable under the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1957. Analysis: The case involved M/s. Buddala China Venkata Rao & Co., Attili, a firm engaged in jaggery and chillies oil business on a commission basis. The firm collected Rs. 51,220 as "rusum" (local sales tax equivalent) during the financial year 1968-69. The Income-tax Officer treated the amount collected for jaggery as income of the assessee, subject to deduction if the assessee becomes liable to pay sales tax to the State Government. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal upheld this view based on similar cases. The history of how commission agents collected sales tax but did not pay it to the exchequer was discussed. Amendments to the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act were made to make commission agents liable for sales tax payment, leading to disputes and legal challenges. The Supreme Court's decisions in relevant cases were cited to highlight the retrospective effect of legislative amendments and the obligation to pay sales tax when it accrues. The arguments presented by both parties centered around whether the amount collected as "rusum" constituted trading income or statutory liability. The assessee contended that the amount was not income but a statutory liability, supported by the mercantile system of accounting. The department argued that the amount was a trade receipt based on the assessee's accounting treatment and cited relevant case law to support their position. The judgment considered the implications of the mercantile system of accounting, the timing of income recognition, and the retrospective effect of legislative changes. The court applied legal principles from previous cases to determine whether the amount collected as "rusum" should be treated as income of the assessee or as a statutory liability to be deducted. In conclusion, the court ruled in favor of the assessee, stating that the amount of Rs. 51,220 was not income but an admissible deduction if payable to the sales tax authorities. The court distinguished its decision from previous conflicting opinions and applied consistent reasoning to similar cases. The judgment in R.C. Nos. 10 and 44 of 1975 mirrored the decision in R.C. No. 4/75, with costs to be paid by the Commissioner of Income-tax in each case.
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