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1. Admissibility of deduction for bad debt under various sections of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Detailed Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Allahabad addressed the issue of the admissibility of a deduction claimed by the assessee for a bad debt under different sections of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee, a sole selling agent of two companies, claimed a deduction of Rs. 3,00,114 as bad debt in the accounting year corresponding to the assessment year 1959-60. The amount was advanced to another company, which later went into liquidation, leading to the claim for bad debt. The Income-tax Officer initially rejected the claim, stating that the assessee was not engaged in banking or money-lending business, and thus, the money advanced could not be considered as part of its business activities. The Tribunal upheld the Income-tax Officer's decision for the previous assessment year and continued to do so in the present assessment. The Tribunal found that the debt in question did not become bad or irrecoverable in the relevant year and that there was no evidence to support the claim that the debt was incurred as part of the assessee's business or due to business expediency. The Tribunal also highlighted the lack of documentation or resolution authorizing the money-lending activity by the assessee, further weakening the claim for deduction. The High Court concurred with the Tribunal's findings, emphasizing that the debt could not be categorized as a business loss, trading loss, or a loss related to the money-lending business of the assessee. The Court noted that the debt was not incurred in connection with any business activity of the assessee and was not supported by evidence of business expediency. Therefore, the Court ruled against the assessee, denying the claim for deduction of the bad debt under the Income-tax Act, 1961. Ultimately, the High Court answered the question referred in the negative, favoring the department over the assessee. The department was awarded costs, and the counsel's fee was assessed accordingly. The judgment highlighted the importance of establishing a clear nexus between the debt claimed and the business activities of the assessee to qualify for a deduction under the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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