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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the sum of Rs. 75,870 is assessable to tax as profits arising from a venture in the nature of trade for the assessment year 1953-54. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Whether the sum of Rs. 75,870 is assessable to tax as profits arising from a venture in the nature of trade for the assessment year 1953-54: The question arises out of the assessment of Messrs. Asian Dry Dock Co., treated as an unregistered firm, for the assessment year 1953-54. The corresponding accounting period is the year ending 31st March 1953. The entity in question is involved in the sale of a concrete floating dry dock initially purchased by Bretagne in 1948 for Rs. 1,18,000. Bretagne's attempts to either dispose of or work the dry dock proved futile, leading him to form a partnership with Swadi and Cama to work the dock at Kandla for ship repairs. A meeting on 26th November 1950, recorded in a minute, shows that the three agreed to form a partnership to run and operate the dry dock for ship repairs at Kandla. Swadi was authorized to obtain necessary permissions and incur related expenditures. The firm was named "M/s. Asian Dry Dock Co." and agreed to take over the dock after valuation by Chablani. Despite efforts to obtain a mooring berth and land space for a workshop at Kandla, these did not materialize. On 6th June 1951, a partnership deed was executed, outlining the business objectives, including acquiring, owning, selling, and disposing of floating dry docks, and inspecting, repairing, and overhauling ships. Clause 14 of the deed specified the disposal of monies in case of forced sale of the dock. Efforts to get a mooring berth and land space failed, and Kandla Port authorities decided to acquire the dock, finally purchasing it in January 1953 for Rs. 3,80,000. The firm showed a profit of Rs. 75,870 from this sale after accounting for maintenance expenses. The Income-tax Officer assessed this profit as arising from a venture in the nature of trade, a view upheld by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. However, the Appellate Tribunal, upon reappraisal, concluded that the transaction was not a venture in the nature of trade but a capital accretion. Mr. Joshi, representing the revenue, argued that even a single transaction of purchase and sale could amount to an adventure in the nature of trade, citing the Supreme Court decision in G. Venkataswami Naidu & Co. v. Commissioner of Income-tax. He contended that the real intention of the partners was to dispose of the dock at a profit, not to run it for ship repairs. The court, however, found that the partnership was genuinely formed to operate the dry dock for ship repairs, as evidenced by the meeting minutes and partnership deed. The sale of the dock was necessitated by the failure to secure the required mooring berth and land space, not by an initial intention to sell at a profit. The Tribunal's view that the transaction was not an adventure in the nature of trade was upheld. The surplus realized from the sale was deemed a capital accretion, not taxable as business profit. Conclusion: The court answered the referred question in the negative, in favor of the assessee, concluding that the sum of Rs. 75,870 was not assessable to tax as profits from a venture in the nature of trade. The revenue was directed to pay the costs of the reference to the assessee.
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