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Issues Involved:
1. Entitlement of a discretionary trust to deduction under Section 80L of the Income Tax Act, 1961. 2. Status of trustees of a discretionary trust for the purpose of assessment. Detailed Analysis: 1. Entitlement of a discretionary trust to deduction under Section 80L of the Income Tax Act, 1961: The respondent, a private discretionary trust, claimed a deduction under Section 80L of the IT Act, 1961, for its interest income. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) rejected the claim on the basis that the deduction under Section 80L was available only to 'Individuals' and/or 'Hindu Undivided Families (HUF)', and since the assessee was categorized as an "Association of Persons" (AOP), it was not entitled to the deduction. On appeal, the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] relied on the Tribunal's Hyderabad Bench 'B' decision in the case of Educational Trust Fund vs. ITO, which held that trustees of discretionary trusts could be treated as 'individuals' and allowed the deduction under Section 80L. Consequently, CIT(A) directed the ITO to allow the deduction of Rs. 3000 to the assessee in the computation of its total income. The Tribunal noted that the controversy would have been straightforward given the consistent opinion held by various benches of the Tribunal, including the Ahmedabad Bench 'B' in the case of Manan Trust, Ahmedabad vs. ITO. However, a contrary view expressed by the Bombay Bench 'B' in the case of 5th ITO vs. DMCC Employees' Medical Aid Trust necessitated a detailed examination of arguments for and against the entitlement of a discretionary trust to the deduction under Section 80L. 2. Status of trustees of a discretionary trust for the purpose of assessment: The Tribunal examined the scheme of the IT Act, focusing on the definitions and concepts of "income," "person," and "assessee." It emphasized that the basis of charge under Section 4 is the "total income" of a "person," and the mode of recovery of tax is through the "assessee." Section 2(31) defines "person" to include an individual, HUF, company, firm, AOP, body of individuals (BOI), local authority, and every artificial juridical person. Section 2(7) defines "assessee" to include any person by whom any tax or any other sum of money is payable under the Act, including those deemed to be an assessee under any provision of the Act. The Tribunal highlighted that the term "representative assessee" under Section 160 includes trustees appointed under a trust declared by a duly executed instrument in writing. Section 161 deals with the liability of the representative assessee, stating that the assessment shall be made in his representative capacity, and the tax shall be levied and recovered in the same manner and to the same extent as it would be from the person represented by him. The Tribunal referred to various Supreme Court decisions, including CWT vs. Trustees of H.E.H. Nizam's Family (Remainder Wealth) Trust, which held that the status of trustees of a discretionary trust is that of an "individual." Therefore, the trustees would be entitled to all exemptions, deductions, and abatements that the beneficiaries would have been entitled to in direct assessment. The Tribunal concluded that the status of trustees of the discretionary trust before them was that of 'individual' and, therefore, the assessee was entitled to the deduction of Rs. 3000 under Section 80L. Conclusion: The Tribunal found no merit in the Revenue's appeal and dismissed it, upholding the CIT(A)'s decision to allow the deduction under Section 80L to the assessee. The Tribunal agreed with the consistent views expressed by the Pune, Madras, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad Benches on similar facts and emphasized that deeming provisions should be strictly construed in their application.
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