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Issues Involved:
1. Valuation of closing stock and effect of excise duty. Summary: Issue 1: Valuation of closing stock and effect of excise duty The primary issue in these appeals was the valuation of closing stock and the inclusion of excise duty as a part of the cost. The IAC had added Rs. 34,64,179 and Rs. 34,02,272 to the returned income for the assessment years 1981-82 and 1982-83, respectively, based on the valuation of closing stock which included excise duty. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld this addition, noting that the assessee's method of valuation, although accepted in previous years, had changed multiple times. The Commissioner (Appeals) referenced guidelines from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and Section 43B, which mandates that statutory liabilities are deductible only when paid. Shri Mehta, representing the assessee, argued that the assessee's method of valuation had been consistent and accepted in prior years. He highlighted that the changes in valuation methods were based on professional advice and guidelines from the Institute of Chartered Accountants. He emphasized that the valuation changes were bona fide and aimed at reflecting true trading results, not for tax evasion. Shri Tuli, representing the revenue, countered that the department's previous acceptance of the assessee's method was without proper consideration. He argued that the IAC's addition was justified as it was the first time the issue was examined in detail. He also noted that the change in valuation methods by the assessee over the years indicated inconsistency. The Tribunal, after considering the arguments and evidence, found no mala fide intention in the assessee's changes in valuation methods. It noted that the changes were made based on professional advice and guidelines. The Tribunal emphasized that the concept of cost is complex and that the assessee's method, which had been consistent and accepted in prior years, should be respected unless proven improper or false. The Tribunal concluded that the assessee's bona fides were not in question and that the adjustments made were to reflect true trading results. It also noted that the income returned by the assessee was substantial, indicating no intent to evade taxes. Therefore, the Tribunal deleted the additions of Rs. 34,64,179 and Rs. 34,02,272 for the respective assessment years, finding no justification to sustain the disputed additions. Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed the appeals, concluding that the assessee's method of valuation of closing stock, excluding excise duty, was bona fide and consistent with accepted accounting principles. The additions made by the IAC and upheld by the Commissioner (Appeals) were deleted.
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