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1. Deduction under section 35C Analysis: The judgment involves the deduction claim under section 35C of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee-company, engaged in manufacturing drugs and pharmaceuticals, claimed a weighted deduction for expenses related to a Mentha Research Demonstration Centre. The dispute arose regarding the allocation of expenses between research and demonstration. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) allowed deduction only for certain expenses, while the Commissioner (Appeals) accepted the assessee's claim entirely. The Tribunal disagreed with the Commissioner (Appeals) and examined the nature of research and demonstration activities to determine the eligibility for weighted deduction under section 35C(1)(b)(ii). The Commissioner (Appeals) accepted the assessee's argument that the purpose of the farm was for research and practical demonstration to assist local farmers in cultivating Mentha Arvensis. The Tribunal, however, differentiated between research and demonstration activities. It emphasized that research involves systematic investigation to increase knowledge, while demonstration is about practical teaching and exhibition. The Tribunal noted that research may not always yield immediate results, unlike demonstration which can be based on existing knowledge. The Tribunal held that section 35C(1)(b)(ii) allows deduction for the dissemination of information or demonstration of modern techniques in agriculture. It clarified that research and demonstration are distinct activities, and the scope of deduction under this section is limited to demonstration expenses. The Tribunal approved the allocation of demonstration expenses by the assessee but disallowed deduction for research expenses. Additionally, the Tribunal rejected the claim for weighted deduction on distillation services expenses and scientific farming expenses, emphasizing that the expenses did not fall under the criteria specified in the provision. In conclusion, the Tribunal partially allowed the revenue's appeal for the assessment year 1970-71, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between research and demonstration activities for the purpose of claiming deductions under section 35C. The judgment provides a detailed analysis of the nature of research and demonstration in the context of agricultural activities and the eligibility criteria for weighted deduction under the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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