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Issues:
1. Levy of penalty under section 271(1)(c) for the assessment year 1971-72. 2. Whether the assessee can be deemed to have concealed income under the Explanation to section 271(1)(c). 3. Determination of gross negligence by the assessee in maintaining accounts and reporting income accurately. Detailed Analysis: 1. The case involved an appeal and cross objection regarding the imposition of a penalty under section 271(1)(c) for the assessment year 1971-72. The assessee, an individual engaged in contract business, initially declared a total income of Rs. 21,240 based on estimated receipts from contracts. Subsequently, additional receipts were disclosed, leading to a revised return showing an income of Rs. 33,020. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) initiated penalty proceedings, contending that the omission of receipts was not inadvertent but deliberate. 2. The assessee explained the omission as inadvertence, attributing it to the misplacement of a sheet noting down receipts from a specific source. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) accepted this explanation, emphasizing the absence of evidence indicating dishonesty on the part of the assessee. The ITO, however, imposed a penalty of Rs. 15,000, prompting the appeal. 3. The Department challenged the AAC's decision, arguing that the reasons cited did not justify canceling the penalty. The Department emphasized the significant omission of receipts, irrespective of past penalties or the absence of maintained accounts. The assessee's counsel maintained that the omission was unintentional, supported by the prompt filing of a revised return upon detection of the error. 4. The Tribunal analyzed whether the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) applied, concluding that the Department failed to establish grounds for imposing a penalty under the main provisions. The Tribunal noted the absence of maintained accounts, historical assessments based on estimates, and the timely correction of omissions as factors favoring the assessee. 5. Further investigation revealed that though the assessee did not maintain formal accounts, receipts were noted on loose sheets. Cheques from government departments were not processed through the bank account, raising questions about the handling of income sources. 6. The Tribunal deliberated on the burden of proof under the Explanation, emphasizing the need to demonstrate the absence of gross negligence to avoid penalty imposition. The distinction between neglect and gross negligence was highlighted, with the Tribunal assessing whether the assessee's actions constituted gross negligence in omitting substantial receipts. 7. Considering the disparity between declared and assessed income, the Tribunal examined whether the assessee's conduct amounted to concealment under the Explanation. The burden of proving the absence of gross negligence rested on the assessee, requiring a preponderance of probabilities rather than definitive evidence. 8. The Tribunal concluded that while evidence suggested potential gross negligence, additional clarification was needed regarding the encashment of cheques and the handling of income sources. The matter was remitted to the AAC for further investigation to determine the extent of negligence and whether the penalty was warranted. 9. The Tribunal set aside the AAC's order and directed a reassessment based on the additional information to ascertain the presence of gross negligence. The cross objection filed by the assessee supporting the AAC's decision was dismissed as inconsequential.
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