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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the assessee qualifies as a "Supporting Manufacturer" under Proviso to sub-section (1) of section 80HHC for the assessment years 1989-90 and 1990-91. 2. Whether the activities carried out by the assessee can be classified as "manufacturing" or merely "processing." Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Definition and Qualification as a "Supporting Manufacturer" under Section 80HHC: The primary issue in both appeals was whether the assessee qualified as a "Supporting Manufacturer" under the Proviso to sub-section (1) of section 80HHC. The assessee claimed deductions for sales made to an export house, arguing that it manufactured a distinct new commercial article, i.e., packed frozen meat for the export market, from live animals. The definition of "supporting manufacturer" in the Explanation to sub-section (4A) of section 80HHC was pivotal, which includes a person manufacturing goods or merchandise for export purposes. The assessee outlined an elaborate process starting from the selection of live animals, slaughtering, deboning, trimming, and freezing, to final packing for export. The assessee contended that the word "manufacturer" should have the same meaning as in sections 10A and 10B of the Income-tax Act, which includes "processing." The assessee cited various legal precedents, including the Supreme Court's ruling in Suresh Chand v. Gulam Chisti, to support the argument that the same term in different sections of the same statute should have consistent meanings. 2. Assessing Officer's Rejection and CIT (Appeals) Rulings: The Assessing Officer rejected the claim, stating that the assessee's activities did not constitute manufacturing, as no new product different from the raw material (meat/mutton) was created. The AO relied on several judicial decisions where processing did not amount to manufacturing. For the assessment year 1989-90, the CIT (Appeals) accepted the assessee's claim, emphasizing that the definition of "manufacture" in sections 10A and 10B should apply to section 80HHC as well. The CIT (Appeals) highlighted that the assessee's activities involved sophisticated processes and machinery, qualifying as manufacturing. The CIT (Appeals) for the assessment year 1990-91, however, denied the claim, citing an amendment effective from 1-4-1991 that included "processing" in the definition of supporting manufacturer, implying that processors were not entitled to relief before this date. 3. Tribunal's Analysis and Conclusion: The Tribunal examined the detailed processes carried out by the assessee, starting from the selection of live animals to the final export-ready packed frozen meat. It was noted that the assessee had necessary licenses and adhered to stringent norms and health certifications, indicating a manufacturing process. The Tribunal found that the assessee's activities resulted in a commercially different product from the raw material. The Tribunal also considered the legislative intent behind section 80HHC, which was to encourage exports and earning foreign exchange, and thus should be construed liberally. The Tribunal agreed with the assessee that the term "manufacture" should include "processing" as in sections 10A and 10B, given the similar context and purpose of these provisions. Regarding the amendment effective from 1-4-1991, the Tribunal held it to be declaratory and clarificatory, implying it applied retrospectively. Thus, the assessee was entitled to the benefits for both assessment years. Conclusion: The Tribunal directed the Assessing Officer to allow the relief claimed by the assessee for both assessment years, confirming the CIT (Appeals) order for 1989-90 and setting aside the order for 1990-91. The assessee's appeal for 1990-91 was allowed, and the revenue's appeal for 1989-90 was rejected.
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