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Issues Involved:
1. Sustenance of disallowance of rent expenses. 2. Applicability of Section 30 of the Income-tax Act for rent deduction. 3. Applicability of Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act for rent deduction. Detailed Analysis: Issue 1: Sustenance of Disallowance of Rent Expenses The assessee objected to the disallowance of rent expenses amounting to Rs. 1,68,000, Rs. 2,40,600, and Rs. 2,52,000 for the assessment years 1989-90, 1990-91, and 1991-92, respectively. The premises in question were taken on rent for business expansion but were not put to use during the relevant periods, leading to the disallowance by the Assessing Officer (A.O.). The CIT(A) upheld the disallowance, stating that the premises were not used for business purposes during the accounting years. Issue 2: Applicability of Section 30 of the Income-tax Act for Rent Deduction The assessee argued that the premises were taken for business expansion, requiring extensive renovations, and thus, the rent should be deductible. However, the CIT(A) opined that Section 30 allows rent deductions only for premises "used for the purposes of business" during the accounting year. The CIT(A) relied on the M.P. High Court decision in Noshirwan & Co. (P.) Ltd. v. CIT, which held that rent paid for premises not used for business purposes is not allowable under Section 30. The Tribunal agreed with this interpretation, stating that even a liberal interpretation of "used" requires the premises to be ready and capable of being put to business use, which was not the case here. Issue 3: Applicability of Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act for Rent Deduction The Tribunal considered whether the rent could be deductible under Section 37(1) if not allowable under Section 30. There is a judicial split on whether Section 37(1) can apply to expenditures described in Sections 30 to 36 but not fulfilling their conditions. The Tribunal favored the view that Section 37(1) can apply, citing the Supreme Court decision in CIT v. Kalyanji Mavji & Co., which allowed deductions under general principles even if specific provisions were not met. The Tribunal also referred to the Delhi High Court decision in CIT v. Rama Krishna Steel Rolling Mills, which supported the allowance of expenditures under the general clause if specific conditions were unmet. Consequently, the Tribunal held that the rent expenses, though not allowable under Section 30, were deductible under Section 37(1). Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed the appeals, concluding that the rent expenses for the premises at D-2, NDSE-II, New Delhi, were deductible under Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for the assessment years 1989-90, 1990-91, and 1991-92. The ground related to the interest charged under various sections for the assessment year 1991-92 was deemed consequential and did not require adjudication.
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