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Issues:
1. Whether additions by way of interest on surplus funds are justified. 2. Whether disallowance of expenses debited to the profit and loss account is valid. Detailed Analysis: 1. The judgment involves four appeals by the department and one appeal by the assessee concerning assessment years 1969-70, 1970-71, 1972-73, and 1974-75, with cross-appeals for 1972-73. The department contended that the assessee, a registered firm dealing in land transactions, should have shown interest earned on surplus funds as per section 28(iv) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) made additions based on the assumption that the assessee would have earned interest at 12% on the surplus funds. However, the learned AAC held that without proof of profitable engagement of the funds, no 'deemed interest' could be added to the total income. The Appellate Tribunal concurred, stating that unless income is earned and accounting systems prevent income computation, estimation can be considered. As there was no evidence of the surplus funds earning interest and no deeming provision under the Act, the additions were unjustified, upholding the AAC's decision based on the Supreme Court ruling in CIT v. Shoorji Vallabhdas & Co. [1962] 46 ITR 144. Therefore, the department's appeals failed. 2. The assessee's appeal concerned the disallowance of 50% of expenses debited to the profit and loss account for the assessment year 1972-73. The assessee recorded an expenditure of Rs. 12,528 without supporting vouchers or evidence. The ITO disallowed 50% of the expenses, amounting to Rs. 6,264, which was upheld by the learned AAC. Upon review, the Appellate Tribunal affirmed the disallowance, noting that since the assessee failed to provide vouchers or substantiate the expenses' admissibility, the disallowance was justified. Consequently, both the department's appeals and the assessee's appeal were dismissed, and the decisions of the lower authorities were upheld.
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