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Issues Involved:
1. Computation of Double Income-tax Relief under the Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation between India and Singapore. 2. Availability of Double Taxation Relief against Surtax. Detailed Analysis: 1. Computation of Double Income-tax Relief: The primary dispute in these appeals pertains to the computation of double Income-tax relief under the Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation between India and Singapore. The assessee received royalty income from Singapore, which was subjected to tax in both India and Singapore. The assessee claimed double Income-tax relief on the entire royalty income, whereas the Assessing Officer allowed relief only on the net amount subjected to tax in India after deduction under section 80-O of the Income-tax Act. The Tribunal noted that under section 90 of the Income-tax Act, the Central Government is empowered to enter into agreements with foreign countries for avoidance of double taxation. The Agreement with Singapore, implemented through a notification on January 18, 1982, contains provisions regarding avoidance of double taxation in Article 24. According to clause 2(a) of Article 24, the amount of Singapore tax payable on income subjected to tax in both countries is allowed as a credit against the Indian tax payable on such income, not exceeding the proportion of Indian tax which such income bears to the entire income chargeable to Indian tax. The Tribunal observed that the expression "income subjected to tax" refers to the amount of income on which tax has been levied. In this case, though the royalty income subjected to tax in Singapore was Rs. 18,97,295, in India, only 50% of the royalty income, i.e., Rs. 9,48,648, was subjected to tax after deduction under section 80-O. Therefore, the Tribunal concluded that the assessee is entitled to double Income-tax relief on the Singapore tax payable on the net amount of royalty subjected to tax in India, i.e., Rs. 3,79,459, and not on the entire royalty income. The Tribunal also referred to section 91 of the Income-tax Act, which provides relief in respect of income from countries with which there is no agreement for avoidance of double taxation. The Tribunal cited decisions of the Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan High Courts, which held that relief on double taxation is available only on the portion of income subjected to tax in both countries. The Tribunal affirmed the CIT(A)'s decision, allowing double Income-tax relief on the net amount of royalty subjected to tax in India. 2. Availability of Double Taxation Relief against Surtax: The second issue involved the assessee's claim that relief under the Double Taxation Agreement should be available against Surtax. The assessee contended that "Income-tax" under the D.T.A. Agreement included "Surtax" and that credit should be allowed first against Surtax liability to avoid unintended hardship. The Tribunal noted that Surtax under the Companies (Profits) Surtax Act, 1964, is computed after determining the income-tax payable under the Income-tax Act. Rule 2(a) of the First Schedule to the Surtax Act provides for the deduction of income-tax payable in India from the chargeable profit. Rule 2(ii) allows deduction of the tax actually paid in a foreign country on income included in the total income computed under the Income-tax Act. The Tribunal held that the D.T.A. relief allowable under section 90 of the Income-tax Act should be reduced while arriving at the amount of income-tax payable by the company on its total income, which is deductible for computing the chargeable profit. The Tribunal concluded that the CIT(A) was justified in not accepting the assessee's claim for giving credit for the Singapore Tax against the Surtax liability on a priority basis. Conclusion: The Tribunal dismissed the appeals, upholding the CIT(A)'s decisions on both issues. The assessee was entitled to double Income-tax relief on the net amount of royalty subjected to tax in India, and the relief under the Double Taxation Agreement was not available against Surtax.
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