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Issues:
1. Whether the company is considered as a company in which the public are substantially interested. 2. Whether the shares of the company were freely transferable as per the provisions of s. 2(18)(b)(B)(ii). Analysis: 1. The appeals before the Appellate Tribunal ITAT Madras-A involved the question of whether the company in question, for the assessment years 1974-75 and 1975-76, was a company in which the public are substantially interested. The main issue was whether the shares were held in a manner that met the criteria for public interest. The AAC had previously ruled in favor of the assessee, but the Revenue contested this finding, primarily focusing on the transferability of shares as per the provisions of s. 2(18)(b)(B)(ii). 2. The Revenue argued that the shares of the company were not freely transferable, citing provisions in the Articles of Association and a collaboration agreement between two public companies holding shares. They contended that these restrictions on share transferability did not meet the criteria set out in s. 2(18)(b)(B)(ii). The Departmental Representative highlighted clauses in the Articles of Association and the collaboration agreement to support this argument. 3. The counsel for the assessee countered this argument by emphasizing that the Articles of Association did not contain any restrictions on share transferability, and any limitations were related to specific circumstances like transfers to minors or persons of unsound mind. They also pointed out that the collaboration agreement could not override the Articles of Association that were in effect since the company's incorporation. 4. After considering the submissions from both sides, the Tribunal focused on the key issue of whether the shares were freely transferable, as that was the central point of contention. Upon reviewing the Articles of Association and the collaboration agreement, the Tribunal found that there were no significant restrictions on share transferability. They specifically noted that the conditions in the Articles of Association did not hinder transfers to the public and that the collaboration agreement did not impose any transfer restrictions. Referring to a previous Supreme Court ruling, the Tribunal emphasized that the power to decline share transfers was in the best interest of the company and did not impede free transferability. Consequently, the Tribunal concluded that the shares were freely transferable, meeting the criteria for the company to be considered as one in which the public are substantially interested. 5. As a result of this finding, the appeals of the Revenue were dismissed, and the Tribunal did not address the other contentions raised in the cross objection, which was consequently dismissed as well. The judgment clarified the importance of free transferability in determining public interest status and highlighted the significance of examining specific provisions and agreements related to share transfers in such cases.
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