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Issues:
Interpretation of provisions of s. 164(1) for asst. yr. 1980-81 regarding deduction under s. 80L for trusts with indeterminate beneficiaries. Applicability of Tribunal's order for asst. yr. 1978-79 on deduction under s. 80L for trusts in current year. Determining the status of the assessee as individual or AOP for taxation purposes based on the provisions of s. 164(1) and relevant amendments. Analysis: The appeals before the ITAT MADRAS-D involved the issue of deduction under s. 80L for trusts with indeterminate beneficiaries for the assessment year 1980-81. The Tribunal had previously passed a common order for the assessment year 1978-79, which was relied upon by the assessee trusts. The status adopted for the current year was that of an Association of Persons (AOP), leading to denial of s. 80L deduction by the Income Tax Officer (ITO) for each year. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) held that the amendment in s. 164(1) for the assessment year 1980-81 rendered the Tribunal's decision for the previous year inapplicable. The AAC concluded that the deduction under s. 80L was not admissible for trusts taxed at the maximum marginal rate applicable to an AOP. This decision was challenged in the appeals. During the proceedings, the assessee's counsel argued that the amendment in s. 164 did not alter the Tribunal's previous conclusion that the status of the assessee trusts should be determined with reference to the beneficiaries, not the trustees. The counsel contended that the status remained that of an individual, and the deduction under s. 80L should be allowed based on the Tribunal's earlier decision. The Departmental Representative, however, cited Circulars on the Finance Act, 1980, to support the position that deduction under s. 80L was not permissible for trusts taxed at the highest rate applicable to an AOP. The ITAT considered the provisions of s. 164(1) for both the assessment years in question and the relevant amendments. The ITAT analyzed the Tribunal's previous order, which determined the status of the assessee trusts as that of an individual for the assessment year 1978-79. The ITAT noted that the amendment did not mandate a change in status to an AOP for trusts with indeterminate beneficiaries. The provisions of s. 164(1) did not create a fiction of law to alter the status determined under general principles. Therefore, the status continued to be that of an individual, allowing for the deduction under s. 80L before applying the maximum marginal rate applicable to an AOP. Ultimately, the ITAT allowed the appeals, directing the ITO to allow the appropriate deduction under s. 80L for each of the assessee trusts.
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