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Issues Involved:
1. Disallowance of unpaid sales tax under Section 43B of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Disallowance of certain expenses as unvouched and unverifiable. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance of unpaid sales tax under Section 43B of the Income-tax Act, 1961: The assessee appealed against the CIT(A)'s confirmation of the disallowance of unpaid sales tax amounting to Rs. 54,319 under Section 43B. The unpaid sales tax comprised Bihar sales tax of Rs. 47,159 and Central sales tax of Rs. 7,260, which remained unpaid as of 31-12-1985. The due date for filing the return was 30-6-1986, and the amounts were paid after this date. According to the first proviso to Section 43B, the unpaid amount was disallowed. The assessee's counsel argued that Section 43B, inserted by the Finance Act, 1983 effective from 1-4-1984, was not applicable for the assessment year 1986-87 because Section 29, which dictates the computation of business income, was amended to include Section 43B only from 1-4-1989. They contended that the non obstante clause in Section 43B could not override Section 29, and if two interpretations were possible, the one favoring the assessee should be adopted, citing various judicial precedents. However, the Department's representative (DR) countered that such an interpretation would render Section 43B inoperative from assessment years 1984-85 to 1988-89, contrary to legislative intent and harmonious construction of the statute. The DR cited judicial decisions emphasizing that statutory provisions should be construed to avoid absurd results and that clarificatory provisions should be applied retrospectively. The Tribunal agreed with the DR, noting that the Patna High Court had held the first proviso to Section 43B as clarificatory and operative from assessment year 1984-85. The Tribunal concluded that the amendment of Section 29 to include Section 43B was merely clarificatory, aligning it with the insertion of Section 43B effective from 1-4-1984. Therefore, Section 43B was applicable for the assessment year 1986-87, and the disallowance of Rs. 54,319 was rightly sustained by the CIT(A). 2. Disallowance of certain expenses as unvouched and unverifiable: The assessee also contested the disallowance of certain expenses sustained by the CIT(A), which were as follows: - Travelling & Conveyance: Rs. 1,500 out of Rs. 43,000 claimed. - Miscellaneous Expenses: Rs. 500 out of Rs. 6,572 claimed. - Office Expenses: Rs. 1,000 out of Rs. 17,749 claimed. - Subscription & Donations: Rs. 1,788 out of Rs. 1,788 claimed. The Assessing Officer (AO) had disallowed these expenses on the grounds that they were unvouched and unverifiable. The CIT(A) subsequently reduced the disallowances on an estimate basis. Upon review, the Tribunal found that the record lacked adequate material to substantiate the AO's claim that the expenses were unvouched and unverifiable. No specific instances of inadmissible expenses were indicated, and the assessee had consistently objected to the findings. Consequently, the Tribunal deleted the disallowances sustained by the CIT(A). Conclusion: The assessee's appeal was partly allowed. The Tribunal upheld the disallowance of unpaid sales tax under Section 43B, confirming the CIT(A)'s decision. However, the Tribunal deleted the disallowances of certain expenses, finding insufficient evidence to support the claim that they were unvouched and unverifiable.
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