2025 (2) TMI 156 - AT - Income Tax

Ex-parte orders - Unexplained cash credits u/s 68 r.w.s.115BBE - HELD THAT -Assessee has been totally non-cooperative during both assessment as well as appellate proceedings. It is clear from the assessment order that the hearings were fixed on seven occasions but apart from filing a reply on 17.12.2018 no other submission or details were given by the assessee. The appellant sought various adjournments before the CIT(A) and did not furnish any details in three years time between date of first and last hearing where the matter was pending before CIT(A). The Id. AR submitted that the noncompliance was neither deliberate nor intentional. He requested that another opportunity may be granted to the assessee to submit all the required explanations and details and plead his case on merit. Considering the fact that both orders were almost ex-parte We are of the view that the principles of natural justice would call for giving another opportunity of hearing to the assessee. Accordingly we hold that the interests of justice would be met in case the CIT(A) re-adjudicates the entire issue afresh subject to payment of cost. Appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purpose.

ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered in this judgment are:

1. Whether the CIT(A) erred in confirming the additions/disallowances made by the AO, resulting in an assessed income significantly higher than the returned income.

2. Whether the CIT(A) correctly upheld the addition of Rs. 41,00,000 as unexplained cash credits under Section 68 of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

3. Whether the CIT(A) was justified in treating the Short-Term Capital Gain (STCG) of Rs. 32,79,845 as business income instead of capital gain.

4. Whether the CIT(A) erred in denying the exemption of Rs. 9,821 under Section 10(34) of the Act.

5. Whether the CIT(A) violated principles of natural justice by deciding the appeal ex-parte without granting a fair opportunity of being heard to the assessee.

ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

1. Additions/Disallowances by AO:

The legal framework involves the assessment process under Section 143(3) of the Income-tax Act. The AO made additions to the income based on unexplained cash credits and reclassification of income, which were upheld by the CIT(A). The Tribunal noted that the assessee was non-cooperative during proceedings, failing to provide necessary documentation to counter the AO's findings.

2. Addition of Rs. 41,00,000 as Unexplained Cash Credits:

The relevant legal provision is Section 68, which deals with unexplained cash credits. The AO added Rs. 41,00,000 due to the assessee's failure to explain the source of cash deposits. The CIT(A) upheld this addition, referencing the burden of proof on the assessee to demonstrate the legitimacy of the cash credits. The Tribunal observed that the assessee did not provide any evidence to refute the AO's findings during the appellate proceedings.

3. Treatment of STCG as Business Income:

The AO reclassified STCG as business income due to the high volume and frequency of transactions, suggesting a trading activity rather than investment. The legal question here involves the distinction between capital gains and business income. The CIT(A) supported the AO's decision, and the Tribunal noted the lack of contrary evidence from the assessee to challenge this reclassification.

4. Denial of Exemption under Section 10(34):

The AO denied the exemption claimed under Section 10(34), which pertains to dividend income. The CIT(A) upheld this denial due to the assessee's failure to substantiate the claim with appropriate documentation. The Tribunal found no new evidence presented by the assessee to contest this decision.

5. Principles of Natural Justice:

The assessee argued that the CIT(A) violated principles of natural justice by deciding the appeal ex-parte. The Tribunal acknowledged that the assessee was non-cooperative but emphasized the importance of fair hearing. It noted that the CIT(A) issued multiple notices, which were either ignored or met with adjournment requests. The Tribunal decided that the interests of justice required another opportunity for the assessee to present his case, subject to conditions.

SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

The Tribunal concluded that the assessee was negligent and non-cooperative, leading to the ex-parte decisions by the lower authorities. However, it recognized the importance of adhering to principles of natural justice. The Tribunal set aside the CIT(A)'s order and remitted the matter for fresh adjudication, emphasizing the need for the assessee to be diligent and responsive in future proceedings.

Verbatim Quotes:

"...the principles of natural justice would call for giving another opportunity of hearing to the assessee."

Core Principles Established:

The Tribunal underscored the necessity of compliance with procedural fairness and the opportunity to be heard, even in cases of prior non-cooperation.

Final Determinations:

The appeal was allowed for statistical purposes, with the case remanded to the CIT(A) for fresh consideration, contingent upon the assessee paying a cost of Rs. 25,000 to the District Legal Services Authority, Surat, within two weeks.

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