2025 (3) TMI 1268 - AT - Income Tax

Validity of assessments subsequent to IBC proceedings - Income tax proceedings against company dissolved/insolvent - HELD THAT - It is now settled that as per Section 31(1) of the IBC once the resolution plan is approved by the Adjudicating Authority it shall be binding on the corporate debtor and its employees members creditors including the Central Government any State Government or any local authority to whom a debt in respect of the payment of dues arising under any law for the time being in force such as authorities to whom statutory dues are owed guarantors and other stakeholders involved in the resolution plan. When the relevant clauses of resolution plan as reproduced above are taken into consideration there is no dispute left that the resolution plan provided NIL value to the income tax dues and same stands approved by NCLT. Thus the same shall be binding on the Income Tax Department. Consequently after going through the above process the Management of the Company is expected to begin with a clean slate which essentially means that the business of the Corporate Debtor is revived again and is expected to start afresh by the new management. Thus we are of considered view that as there was no claim of department adjudicated during resolution proceedings and infact the dues or demands of the department were quantified at NIL the NFAC should have quashed the impugned assessments instead of dismissing the appeals as non-maintainable and then giving ld.AO liberty to just follow the NCLT order. We accordingly sustain the grounds and allow the appeals.

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered in the judgment are:

What is the effect of the conclusion of insolvency proceedings on the impugned assessment orders for the respective assessment years involved in these appeals?
Whether the tax liabilities for periods prior to the commencement of the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) are extinguished upon the approval of a Resolution Plan by the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)?
Is the appeal filed by the assessee maintainable post the approval of the Resolution Plan by the NCLT?
What is the impact of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) on the claims and demands made by the Income Tax Department for periods prior to the approval of the Resolution Plan?

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Effect of Insolvency Proceedings on Assessment Orders

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The legal framework primarily involves the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), particularly sections 14, 30(4), 31(1), and 238, along with the Income Tax Act, 1961. The precedents include the Supreme Court's decision in Ghanashyam Mishra and Sons Private Limited v. Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Company Limited and the ITAT decision in M/s. Thiru Arooran Sugars Ltd.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal interpreted that once a Resolution Plan is approved by the NCLT, it binds all stakeholders, including the tax authorities. The Tribunal relied on the legal principle that the IBC provisions have an overriding effect over other statutes, including the Income Tax Act.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Resolution Plan approved by the NCLT provided that all governmental dues, including income tax liabilities for periods prior to the insolvency commencement date, are settled at a NIL value.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal applied the IBC provisions and the approved Resolution Plan to conclude that the tax liabilities for the periods in question are extinguished, and the Income Tax Department cannot pursue these claims.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's arguments that their claims could survive post-insolvency proceedings, emphasizing the binding nature of the NCLT's approval of the Resolution Plan.
Conclusions: The Tribunal concluded that the tax liabilities for the periods prior to the CIRP are extinguished, and the assessment orders for these periods are quashed.

Maintainability of the Appeal Post-Approval of Resolution Plan

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The Tribunal referred to the IBC's provisions and the Supreme Court's interpretation in Ghanashyam Mishra's case, which emphasized the binding nature of an approved Resolution Plan.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal reasoned that the appeal by the assessee is maintainable as it is a continuation of the assessment proceedings, which are impacted by the approved Resolution Plan.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal noted that the First Appellate Authority dismissed the appeal based on an incorrect analogy with non-maintainability of Revenue appeals during the moratorium period.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal applied the legal principles to determine that the appeal should not have been dismissed as non-maintainable, given the extinguishment of tax liabilities under the Resolution Plan.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal found the First Appellate Authority's reliance on irrelevant precedents to be misplaced and emphasized the need to follow NCLT orders.
Conclusions: The Tribunal concluded that the appeal is maintainable and should have been allowed to quash the assessment orders.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Preserve Verbatim Quotes of Crucial Legal Reasoning: The Tribunal held that "the resolution plan provided NIL value to the income tax dues and same stands approved by NCLT. Thus the same shall be binding on the Income Tax Department."
Core Principles Established: The Tribunal reinforced the principle that once a Resolution Plan is approved by the NCLT, it binds all stakeholders, including the tax authorities, and extinguishes pre-insolvency tax liabilities.
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The Tribunal quashed the impugned assessment orders, holding that the tax liabilities for the periods prior to the CIRP are extinguished. The appeal is maintainable, and the First Appellate Authority erred in dismissing it as non-maintainable.

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