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Issues Involved:
1. Disallowance of the claim for deduction of pension paid to the widow of a deceased director. 2. Allowance of the claim for deduction of gratuity paid to a retired director. Detailed Analysis: Issue 1: Disallowance of the Claim for Deduction of Pension Paid to the Widow of a Deceased Director The primary issue in I.T.R. No. 24 of 1968 concerns the assessee-company's claim for deduction of the pension amount paid to the widow of Shri K. K. Raman. The assessee-company contended that the pension payment was a legitimate business expense under section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. However, the Income-tax Officer, Appellate Assistant Commissioner, and the Tribunal all disallowed this claim, deeming the payment as ex gratia and not an expenditure laid out wholly and exclusively for business purposes. The Tribunal found that Shri Raman was not an employee of the assessee-company but was associated with another company, Seshasayee Brothers (P.) Ltd. The Tribunal concluded that there was no employer-employee relationship between the assessee-company and Shri Raman. Consequently, the pension payment to his widow did not fall under any existing scheme or practice of the company for paying pensions to employees or their legal representatives. The court emphasized that for an expenditure to qualify for deduction under section 37(1), it must be incidental to the business and justified by commercial expediency. The court cited the Supreme Court's decision in Gordon Woodroffe Leather Manufacturing Co. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, which outlined that such payments must be made as a matter of practice, expected by the employee, or justified by commercial expediency. Given the facts, the court upheld the Tribunal's decision, stating that the pension payment to Mrs. Raman was an ex gratia payment and not deductible under section 37 of the Act. The court answered the question referred in I.T.R. No. 24 of 1968 in the affirmative, against the assessee and in favor of the department. Issue 2: Allowance of the Claim for Deduction of Gratuity Paid to a Retired Director In I.T.R. No. 25 of 1968, the issue revolves around the assessee-company's claim for deduction of Rs. 11,400 paid as gratuity to Shri K. A. Varugis, a retired director. The Tribunal allowed this deduction, but the revenue challenged this decision on multiple grounds. The revenue argued that the Tribunal failed to consider whether the expenditure was incurred during the relevant accounting period. The resolution sanctioning the gratuity was passed on March 19, 1963, and the amendment to the articles of association authorizing such payment was made on May 11, 1963, whereas the accounting period ended on December 31, 1962. The revenue contended that merely crediting the amount to a "gratuity payable account" did not constitute incurring of expenditure for the purposes of section 37. The court noted that for an expenditure to be deductible, it must have been incurred during the relevant accounting period. The Tribunal had overlooked this crucial point, which was raised at every stage of the proceedings. The court found that the Tribunal's omission to address whether the expenditure was incurred within the accounting period rendered its decision incomplete. The court decided to refer the case back to the Tribunal for a fuller statement of the case, incorporating its findings on whether the expenditure was incurred during the relevant accounting period. The court reserved its opinion on the Tribunal's finding that the payment of gratuity was an expenditure laid out wholly and exclusively for the company's business until it received the additional findings. Conclusion The High Court of Kerala upheld the disallowance of the pension payment to the widow of the deceased director as a business expense but referred the case concerning the gratuity payment back to the Tribunal for further findings on whether the expenditure was incurred during the relevant accounting period.
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